Abstract
Vehicular Delay-Tolerant Networks (VDTNs) are networks of vehicles that communicate wirelessly, where there are no permanent end-to-end connections. VDTNs have a highly variable topology, with frequent partitions, and possibly low node density. Thus, delay-tolerant routing adopts a store-carry-and-forward message transfer paradigm, where messages have a useful Time To Live (TTL) and are stored until a good contact opportunity arises. Multiple message replicas can be generated to improve delivery probability at the cost of increasing network congestion. In this paper, we propose the V-GRADIENT geocast routing protocol that monitors node density and buffer occupancy, to adapt dynamically the forwarding techniques used to disseminate messages within the geographic region of interest. Simulation results show that V-GRADIENT is capable of controlling network congestion and efficiently deliver messages resulting in better delivery ratios (13–99%) and lower latencies when compared with existing protocols.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Spyropoulos, T., Psounis, K., Raghavendra, C.S.: Single-copy routing in intermittently connected mobile networks. In: First Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks (SECON), pp. 235–244. IEEE, October 2004
Spyropoulos, T., Psounis, K., Raghavendra, C.S.: Spray and wait: an efficient routing scheme for intermittently connected mobile networks. In: ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Delay-Tolerant Networking (WDTN), pp. 252–259. ACM, New York (2005)
Vahdat, A., Becker, D.: Epidemic routing for partially-connected Ad Hoc networks. Technical report, CS-200006. Department of Computer Science, Duke University, Durham, NC (2000)
Rajaei, A., Chalmers, D., Wakeman, I., Parisis, G.: GSAF: efficient and flexible geocasting for opportunistic networks. In: IEEE 17th International Symposium on A World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM), pp. 1–9. IEEE, June 2016
Lu, S., Liu, Y.: Geoopp: geocasting for opportunistic networks. In: IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), pp. 2582–2587. IEEE (2014)
Ott, J., Hyytiä, E., Lassila, P.E., Vaegs, T., Kangasharju, J.: Floating content: information sharing in urban areas. In: IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom), pp. 136–146. IEEE (2011)
Keränen, A., Ott, J., Kärkkäinen, T.: The ONE simulator for DTN protocol evaluation. In: SIMUTools 2009: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques. ICST, New York (2009)
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by national funds through Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) with reference UID/CEC/50021/2019.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 IFIP International Federation for Information Processing
About this paper
Cite this paper
Nascimento, H., Pereira, P.R. (2019). V-GRADIENT: A Density-Aware Geocast Routing Protocol for Vehicular Delay-Tolerant Networks. In: Camarinha-Matos, L., Almeida, R., Oliveira, J. (eds) Technological Innovation for Industry and Service Systems. DoCEIS 2019. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, vol 553. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17771-3_26
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17771-3_26
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-17770-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-17771-3
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)
