Skip to main content

Phytochemicals of Calophyllum inophyllum

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Bioactive Compounds in Underutilized Fruits and Nuts

Part of the book series: Reference Series in Phytochemistry ((RSP))

  • 164 Accesses

Abstract

Calophyllum inophyllum is a woody tree species that exclusively grows on sandy sea beaches along the Western Ghats of India and other parts of the world such as Tropical Asia, East Africa, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Philippines, Australia, and several Pacific islands. C. inophyllum has many therapeutic and traditional uses and has great potential since the plant has been reported to have several medicinally important bioactive principles belonging to xanthones, steroids, triterpenes, coumarins, and benzopyrans. Most significantly, 11 compounds have been isolated from C. inophyllum which are having anti-HIV activity. This chapter describes the importance of this plant with a major emphasis on its phytochemistry and medicinal properties.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Noldin FN, Isaias DB, Filho VC (2006) Calophyllum genus: chemical and pharmacological importance. Quim Nova 29:549–554

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Somanathan R, Sultanbawa MUS (1974) Chemical investigation of ceylonese plants. Part VIII. Trapezifolixanthone, a new di-isoprenylated xanthones from the bark of Calophyllum trapezifolium Thw. (guttiferae). J Chem SocPerkin Trans 1:2515–2517

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Kumar V, Sotheeswaran S, Surendrakumar S, Balasubramaniam S (1982) Calocalabaxanthone, the putative isoprenyl precursor of calabaxanthone from Calophyllum calaba. Phytochemistry 21:807–809

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Dharmaratne HRW, Sotheeswaran S, Balasubramaniam S, Reisch J (1986) Xanthones from roots of three Calophyllum species. Phytochemistry 25:1957–1959

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Gunasekera SP, Sultanbawa MUS (1975) Chemical investigation of Ceylonese plants. Part XVI. Extractives of Calophyllum cordato-oblongum Thw. (Guttiferae). J Chem SocPerkin Trans 1:2215–2220

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Dahanayake M, Kitagawa I, Somanathan R, Sultanbawa US (1974) Chemical investigation of ceylonese plants. Part VII. Extractives of Calophyllum thwaitesii planch and Triana and Calophyllum walkeri Wight (guttiferae). J Chem SocPerkin Trans 1:2510–2514

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Gunatilaka AA, De Silva AMYJ, Sotheeswaran S, Balasubramaniam S, Wazeer MIM (1984) Terpenoids and biflavonoid constituents of Calophyllum calaba and Garcinia spicata from Sri Lanka. Phytochemistry 23:323–328

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Stout GH, Sears KD (1968) Calophyllum products. III. The structure of blancoic acids. J Org Chem 33:4185–4190

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Gautier J, Kunesch G, Polonsky J (1972) Structure of calophynic acid, a novel constituent of Calophyllum inophyllum. Tetrahedron Lett 13:2715–2718

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Samarweera U, Sotheeswaran S, Sultanbawa MUS (1981) Calozeylanic acid, a new bark acid from three Calophyllum species (Guttiferae). Tetrahedron Lett 22:5083–5086

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Su WW, Humphrey AE (1990) Production of rosmarinic acid in high density perfusion cultures of Anchusa officinlis using a high sugar medium. Biotechnol Lett 12:793–798

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Bhosle SV, Thengane SR, Deodhar SR, Sardesai MM (2006) New distribution records of an endemic species Calophyllum austroindicum Kosterm. Ex P. Stevens, Guttifereae (Clusiaceae). J Econ Taxon Bot 30:856–858

    Google Scholar 

  13. Stevens PF (1998) Calophyllum inophyllum, 2006. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN, 2006

    Google Scholar 

  14. Muller, A. The Pacific Ocean oils (L’Ami September1993, no.5)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Quisumbing E (1951) Medicinal plants of the Philippines. Department of Agriculture and natural Resources, Bureau of Printing Manila

    Google Scholar 

  16. Burkill HM (1994) The useful plants of west tropical Africa, vol 2, 2nd edn. Families E-I. XX, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew

    Google Scholar 

  17. Nadkarni KM, Nadkarni AK (1999) Indian Materia Medica- with Ayurvedic, Unani-Tibbi, Siddha, Allopathic, Homeopathic, Naturopathic and Home Remedies, vol 2. Popular Prakashan Private Ltd., Bombay, India

    Google Scholar 

  18. Jayaweera DMA (1981) Medicinal plants used in Ceylon, Part 3. National Science Council of Sri Lanka, Colombo

    Google Scholar 

  19. Florence J (2004) Flore de la Polynésie française, Collection Faune et Flore Tropicales 41, vol 2. IRD Editions, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  20. Whistler WA (1992) Polynesian herbal medicine. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai, Kauai

    Google Scholar 

  21. Yudha S, Adfa M, Falahudin A (2018) Eco-friendly coating of natural zeolite with metallic gold, and characterization of the resulting products. Orient J Chem 34:532–537

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Dweck AC, Meadows T (2002) Tamanu (Calophyllum inophyllum) - the African, Asian, Polynesian and panacea. Int J Cosmet Sci 24:1–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Drury CH (1873) The useful plants of India; with notices of their chief medicinal value in commerce, medicine and the arts. Higginbotham Madras. ISBN no. not available

    Google Scholar 

  24. Steiner RP (1986) Folk medicine- the art and science. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  25. Oliver-Bever B (1986) Medicinal plants in tropical West Africa. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Book  Google Scholar 

  26. Pétard P (1986) Plantes Utiles de la Polynésie-Raau Tahiti. Editions Haere Po No Tahiti, Papeete, p 225

    Google Scholar 

  27. Kilham C (2004) Tamanu oil: a tropical topical remedy. J Amer Bot Coun 63:26–31

    Google Scholar 

  28. Sahoo PK, Das LM (2009) Combustion analysis of Jatropha, Karanja and Polanga biodiesel as fuel in a diesel engine. Fuel 88:994–999

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Sahoo PK, Das LM, MKG B, Arora P, Singh VP, Kumar NR, Varyani TS (2009) Comparative evaluation of performance and emission characteristics of jatropha, karanja and polanga based biodiesel as fuel in a tractor engine. Fuel 88:1698–1707

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Sahoo PK, Das LM, Babu MKG, Naik SN (2007) Biodiesel development from high acid value polanga seed oil and performance evaluation in a CI engine. Fuel 86:448–454

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Venkanna BK, Reddy CV (2009) Biodiesel production and optimization from Calophyllum inophyllum linn oil (honne oil) – a three stage method. Bioresour Technol 100:5122–5125

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Azam MM, Waris A, Nahar NM (2005) Prospects and potential of fatty acid methyl esters of some non-traditional seed oils for use as biodiesel in India. Biomass Bioenergy 29:293–302

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Atabani AE, Mofijur M, Masjuki HH, Badruddin IA, Kalam MA, Chong WT (2014) Effect of Croton megalocarpus, Calophyllum inophyllum, Moringa oleifera, palm and coconut biodiesel–diesel blending on their physico-chemical properties. Ind Crop Prod 60:130–137

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Jahirul MI, Brown RJ, Senadeera W, Ashwath N, Rasul MG, Rahman MM, Hossain FM, Moghaddam L, Islam MA, O’Hara IM (2015) Physio-chemical assessment of beauty leaf (Calophyllum inophyllum) as second-generation biodiesel feedstock. Energy Rep 1:204–215

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Ariharan VN, Meena Devi VN, Gopu Kumar ST, Nagendra Prasad P (2014) Physico-chemical properties of biodiesel obtained from Calophyllum inophyllum oil. Res J Pharm, Biol Chem Sci 5:64–71

    Google Scholar 

  36. Novitasari D, Indartono YS, Rachmidha TD, Reksowardojo IK, Irsyad M (2016) Design and optimization of smart grid system based on renewable energy in Nyamuk Island, Karimunjawa District, Central Java. AIP Conf Proc 1818, 020036 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Munekazu M, Hideki T, Toshiyuki T, Shigetomo Y (1994) Two xanthones from root bark of Calophyllum inophyllum. Phytochemistry 35:527–532

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Faik SA, Locksley HD (1971) Xanthones in the heartwood of Calophyllum inophyllum: a geographical survey. Phytochemistry 10:603–606

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Yimdjo MC, Azebaze GA, Nkengfack AE, Meyer AM, Bodo B, Fomum ZT (2004) Antimicrobial and cytotoxic agents from Calophyllum inophyllum. Phytochemistry 65:2789–2795

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Haraguchi H, Yano T, Tosa H, Iinuma M (2006) Jpn. Kokai Tokkoyo Koho JP 2006089661 A2 (6 April 2006) 17 pp., to (Eag K.K., Japan)

    Google Scholar 

  41. Kumar V, Ramchandran S, Sultanbawa MSU (1976) Xanthones and triterpenoids from timber of Calophyllum inophyllum. Phytochemistry 15:2016–2017

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Ong CY, Ling SK, Ali RM, Chee CF, Samah ZA, Ho H, AS Teo SH, Lee HB (2009) Systematic analysis of in vitro photo-cytotoxic activity in extracts from terrestrial plants in Peninsula Malaysia for photodynamic therapy. J Photochem Photobiol B 96:216–222

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Chaturvedi N, Dhal NK, Reddy PSR (2012) Comparative phytoremediation potential of Calophyllum inophyllum L., Bixa orellana L. and Schleichera oleosa (lour.) Oken on iron ore tailings. Int J Min Reclam Environ 26:104–118

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Li Y-Z, Li Z-L, Yin S-L, Shi G, Liu M-S, Jing Y-K, Hua H-M (2010) Triterpenoids from Calophyllum inophyllum and their growth inhibitory effects on human leukemia HL-60 cells. Fitoterapia 81:586–589

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Jackson B, Locksley HD, Schienmann (1969) The isolation of 6-desoxyjacareubin, 2-(3, 3-dimethylallyl)-1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone and jacareubin form Calophyllum inophyllum. Phytochemistry 8:927–929

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Goh SH, Ibrahim J (1991) A xanthones from Calophyllum inophyllum. Phytochemistry 30:366–367

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Munekazu M, Hideki T, Toshiyuki T, Shigetomo Y (1995) Two xanthones from roots of Calophyllum inophyllum. Phytochemistry 8:725–728

    Google Scholar 

  48. Ee GCL, Kuo ASM, Cheow YL, Jong V, Rehmani M (2004) A new pyranoxanthone, inophyllin B from Calophyllum inophyllum. Nat Prod Sci 10:220–222

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Dai H-F, Zeng Y-B, Xiao Q, Han Z, Zhao Y-X Mei W-L (2010) Caloxanthones O and P: two new Prenylated Xanthones from Calophyllum inophyllum. Molecules 15:606–612

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  50. Govindachari TR, Viswanathan NP, Rao BR, Srinivasan M (1967) Triterpenes of Calophyllum inophyllum Linn. Tetrahedron 23:1901–1910

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Laure F, Herbette G, Faure R, Bianchini JP, Raharivelomanana P, Fogliani B (2005) Structure of new secofriedelane and friedelane acids from Calophyllum inophyllum of French Polynesia. MagnReson Chem 43:65–68

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Zou J, Wu J, Liu S-Z, Zhao W-M (2010) New Coumarins and triterpenes from Calophyllum inophyllum. Helv Chim Acta 93:1812–1821

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Muhammad SA, Mahmud S, Perveen S, Ahmad VU, Rizwani GH (1999) Epimers from the leaves of Calophyllum inophyllum. Phytochemistry 50:1385–1389

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Said T, Dutot M, Martin C, Beaudeux J-L, Boucher C, Enee E, Baudouin C, Warnet J-M, Rat P (2007) Cytoprotective effect against UV-induced DNA damage and oxidative stress: role of new biological UV filter. Eur J Pharm Sci 30:203–210

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Patil AD, Freyer AJ, Eggleston DS, Haltiwanger RC, Bean MF, Taylor PB, Caranfa MJ, Breen AL, Bartus HR, Johnson RK, Hertzberg RP, Westley JW (1993) The Inophyllums, novel inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase isolated from Malaysian tree, Calophyllum inophyllum Linn. J Med Chem 36:4132–4138

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Polonsky J (1957) Structure chimique du calophyllolide, de la'inophyllolide et de la'acide calophyllique, constituants des noix de Calophyllum inophyllum. Bull Soc Chim Fr:1079–1088

    Google Scholar 

  57. Shen YC, Hung MC, Wang LT, Chen YC (2003) Inocalophyllins a and B and their methyl esters from the seeds of Calophyllum inophyllum. Chem Pharm Bull 51:802–806

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Pawar KD, Thengane SR (2009) Influence of hormones and medium components on expression of dipyranocoumarins in cell suspension cultures of Calophyllum inophyllum. Process Biochem 44:916–922

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Pawar KD, Thengane SR (2011) Influence of abiotic elicitation on production of dipyranocoumarins in suspension cultures of Calophyllum inophyllum L. Acta Physiol Plant 33:2149–2158

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Pawar KD, Yadav AV, Shouche YS, Thengane SR (2011) Influence of endophytic fungal elicitation on production of inophyllum in suspension cultures of Calophyllum inophyllum L. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 106:345–352

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kiran D. Pawar .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Section Editor information

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Pawar, K.D., Patil, R.V. (2019). Phytochemicals of Calophyllum inophyllum. In: Murthy, H., Bapat, V. (eds) Bioactive Compounds in Underutilized Fruits and Nuts. Reference Series in Phytochemistry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-06120-3_20-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-06120-3_20-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-06120-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-06120-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Chemistry and Mat. ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Chemistry, Materials and Physics

Publish with us

Policies and ethics