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Synthesis and Characterization and Application of Chitin and Chitosan-Based Eco-friendly Polymer Composites

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Sustainable Polymer Composites and Nanocomposites

Abstract

Chitosan is derivative of chitin is obtained from natural sources, the external skeleton of crustaceans, fungi, and insects and has to be biocompatible and decomposable. It contains N-acetyl-2-amino-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranose and 2-amino-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranose, the monomers are joined together by (1 → 4) glycosidic bonds. The removal of the acetyl group from chitin to produce chitosan needs a reaction with highly strong NaOH solution (water or alcohol based) with maintaining safe conditions that ensure the reaction mixture does not interact with oxygen and for this purpose reaction mixture is either purged with nitrogen or by adding NaBH4 so to control unwanted depolymerization and production of reactive species. It is a pliable molecule; its chemical modification can be carried out without affecting the degree of polymerization (DP) of chitosan to anchor different functional groups including primary amine and primary and secondary hydroxyl (OH) groups. There are varieties of chitosan derivatives that are produced. The surface functionalization of chitosan also done employing different enzymes termed as an enzymatic modification. Chitosan also makes blends and composite and has been applied in different filed including electrolyte membrane for fuel cell, antimicrobial activities drugs delivery, and much more application.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Polymer Engineering and Technology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan

    Aneela Sabir & Muhammad Shafiq

  2. Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan

    Faizah Altaf

Authors
  1. Aneela Sabir
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  2. Faizah Altaf
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  3. Muhammad Shafiq
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Correspondence to Aneela Sabir .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India

    Inamuddin

  2. School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India

    Sabu Thomas

  3. Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India

    Raghvendra Kumar Mishra

  4. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Abdullah M. Asiri

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Sabir, A., Altaf, F., Shafiq, M. (2019). Synthesis and Characterization and Application of Chitin and Chitosan-Based Eco-friendly Polymer Composites. In: Inamuddin, Thomas, S., Kumar Mishra, R., Asiri, A. (eds) Sustainable Polymer Composites and Nanocomposites. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05399-4_46

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