Abstract
The broad cellular tropism of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a direct consequence of the multifaceted viral entry process involving a combination of viral glycoprotein and cellular receptor interactions that carefully orchestrate viral binding and penetration events. Although recent strides have been made in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of HCMV entry, it has become increasingly clear that the first step of the viral life cycle is exquisitely complex and dependent on several factors including virus strain and cell type. The lack of a full understanding about HCMV entry emphasizes the need for molecular techniques that can help to identify the specific roles of viral glycoproteins and cellular receptors during the viral entry process. Here, we describe various methodologies used in our laboratory and others to examine the different steps required for HCMV entry into target cells.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Compton T (2004) Receptors and immune sensors: the complex entry path of human cytomegalovirus. Trends Cell Biol 14:5–8
Adler B, Sinzger C (2009) Endothelial cells in human cytomegalovirus infection: one host cell out of many or a crucial target for virus spread? Thromb Haemost 102:1057–1063
Sinzger C, Digel M, Jahn G (2008) Cytomegalovirus cell tropism. In: Shenk T, Stinski M (eds) Current topics in microbiology and immunology: human cytomegalovirus. Springer, Berlin, pp 63–83
Britt W (2008) Manifestations of human cytomegalovirus infection: proposed mechanisms of acute and chronic disease. In: Shenk T, Stinski M (eds) Current topics in microbiology and immunology: human cytomegalovirus. Springer, Berlin, pp 417–470
Compton T, Nowlin DM, Cooper NR (1993) Initiation of human cytomegalovirus infection requires initial interaction with cell surface heparan sulfate. Virology 193:834–841
Kari B, Gehrz R (1992) A human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein complex designated gC-II is a major heparin-binding component of the envelope. J Virol 66:1761–1764
Dreyfuss JL, Regatieri CV, Jarrouge TR, Cavalheiro RP, Sampaio LO, Nader HB (2009) Heparan sulfate proteoglycans: structure, protein interactions and cell signaling. An Acad Bras Cienc 81:409–429
Chan G, Nogalski MT, Yurochko AD (2009) Activation of EGFR on monocytes is required for human cytomegalovirus entry and mediates cellular motility. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106:22369–22374
Wang X, Huang DY, Huong SM, Huang ES (2005) Integrin αβ3 is a coreceptor for human cytomegalovirus. Nat Med 11:515–521
Wang X, Huong SM, Chiu ML, Raab-Traub N, Huang ES (2003) Epidermal growth factor receptor is a cellular receptor for human cytomegalovirus. Nature 424:456–461
Feire AL, Koss H, Compton T (2004) Cellular integrins function as entry receptors for human cytomegalovirus via a highly conserved disintegrin-like domain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101:15470–15475
Soroceanu L, Akhavan A, Cobbs CS (2008) Platelet-derived growth factor-alpha receptor activation is required for human cytomegalovirus infection. Nature 455(7211):391–395
Nogalski MT, Chan G, Stevenson EV, Gray S, Yurochko AD (2011) Human cytomegalovirus-regulated paxillin in monocytes links cellular pathogenic motility to the process of viral entry. J Virol 85:1360–1369
Maidji E, Genbacev O, Chang HT, Pereira L (2007) Developmental regulation of human cytomegalovirus receptors in cytotrophoblasts correlates with distinct replication sites in the placenta. J Virol 81:4701–4712
Scrivano L, Sinzger C, Nitschko H, Koszinowski UH, Adler B (2011) HCMV spread and cell tropism are determined by distinct virus populations. PLoS Pathog 7:e1001256
Chee MS, Bankier AT, Beck S, Bohni R, Brown CM, Cerny R, Horsnell T, Hutchison CA 3rd, Kouzarides T, Martignetti JA et al (1990) Analysis of the protein-coding content of the sequence of human cytomegalovirus strain AD169. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 154:125–169
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Chan, G.C.T., Yurochko, A.D. (2014). Analysis of Cytomegalovirus Binding/Entry-Mediated Events. In: Yurochko, A., Miller, W. (eds) Human Cytomegaloviruses. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1119. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-788-4_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-788-4_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ
Print ISBN: 978-1-62703-787-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-62703-788-4
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols