Skip to main content

Live Imaging of mRNA Synthesis in Drosophila

  • Protocol
Book cover RNA Detection

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1649))

Abstract

mRNA synthesis is one of the earliest readouts of the activity of a transcribed gene, which is of particular interest in the context of metazoan cell fate specification. These processes are intrinsically dynamic and stochastic, which makes in vivo single-cell measurements inevitable. Here, we present the application of a technology that has been widely used in single celled organisms to measure transcriptional activity in developing embryos of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. The method allows for quantification of instantaneous polymerase occupancy of active gene loci and thereby enables the development and testing of models of gene regulation in development.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 139.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Fusco D, Accornero N, Lavoie B, Shenoy SM, Blanchard JM, Singer RH, Bertrand E (2003) Single mRNA molecules demonstrate probabilistic movement in living mammalian cells. Curr Biol 13(2):161–167

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Golding I, Paulsson J, Zawilski SM, Cox EC (2005) Real-time kinetics of gene activity in individual bacteria. Cell 123(6):1025–1036

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Larson DR, Zenklusen D, Wu B, Chao JA, Singer RH (2011) Real-time observation of transcription initiation and elongation on an endogenous yeast gene. Science 332(6028):475–478. doi:10.1126/science.1202142. 332/6028/475 [pii]

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Bertrand E, Chartrand P, Schaefer M, Shenoy SM, Singer RH, Long RM (1998) Localization of ASH1 mRNA particles in living yeast. Mol Cell 2(4):437–445. S1097-2765(00)80143-4 [pii]

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Yunger S, Rosenfeld L, Garini Y, Shav-Tal Y (2010) Single-allele analysis of transcription kinetics in living mammalian cells. Nat Methods 7(8):631–633. doi:10.1038/nmeth.1482. nmeth.1482 [pii]

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Lionnet T, Czaplinski K, Darzacq X, Shav-Tal Y, Wells AL, Chao JA, Park HY, de Turris V, Lopez-Jones M, Singer RH (2011) A transgenic mouse for in vivo detection of endogenous labeled mRNA. Nat Methods. doi:10.1038/nmeth.1551. nmeth.1551 [pii]

  7. Forrest KM, Gavis ER (2003) Live imaging of endogenous RNA reveals a diffusion and entrapment mechanism for nanos mRNA localization in Drosophila. Curr Biol 13(14):1159–1168

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Garcia HG, Tikhonov M, Lin A, Gregor T (2013) Quantitative imaging of transcription in living Drosophila embryos links polymerase activity to patterning. Curr Biol 23(21):2140–2145. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2013.08.054

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Lucas T, Ferraro T, Roelens B, De Las Heras Chanes J, Walczak AM, Coppey M, Dostatni N (2013) Live imaging of bicoid-dependent transcription in Drosophila embryos. Curr Biol 23(21):2135–2139. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2013.08.053

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Bothma JP, Garcia HG, Esposito E, Schlissel G, Gregor T, Levine M (2014) Dynamic regulation of eve stripe 2 expression reveals transcriptional bursts in living Drosophila embryos. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111(29):10598–10603. doi:10.1073/pnas.1410022111

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Bothma JP, Garcia HG, Ng S, Perry MW, Gregor T, Levine M (2015) Enhancer additivity and non-additivity are determined by enhancer strength in the Drosophila embryo. Elife 4. doi:10.7554/eLife.07956

  12. Ferraro T, Esposito E, Mancini L, Ng S, Lucas T, Coppey M, Dostatni N, Walczak AM, Levine M, Lagha M (2016) Transcriptional memory in the Drosophila embryo. Curr Biol 26(2):212–218. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.11.058

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Fukaya T, Lim B, Levine M (2016) Enhancer control of transcriptional bursting. Cell. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.05.025

  14. Chen H, Xu Z, Mei C, Yu D, Small S (2012) A system of repressor gradients spatially organizes the boundaries of bicoid-dependent target genes. Cell 149(3):618–629. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.03.018

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Bateman JR, Lee AM, Wu CT (2006) Site-specific transformation of Drosophila via phiC31 integrase-mediated cassette exchange. Genetics 173(2):769–777. doi:10.1534/genetics.106.056945. genetics.106.056945 [pii]

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Venken KJ, He Y, Hoskins RA, Bellen HJ (2006) P[acman]: a BAC transgenic platform for targeted insertion of large DNA fragments in D. melanogaster. Science 314(5806):1747–1751. doi:10.1126/science.1134426

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Liu F, Morrison AH, Gregor T (2013) Dynamic interpretation of maternal inputs by the Drosophila segmentation gene network. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110(17):6724–6729. doi:10.1073/pnas.1220912110

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Figard L, Sokac AM (2011) Imaging cell shape change in living Drosophila embryos. J Vis Exp (49). doi:10.3791/2503

  19. Little SC, Tikhonov M, Gregor T (2013) Precise developmental gene expression arises from globally stochastic transcriptional activity. Cell 154(4):789–800. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.07.025

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful through support provided by the Princeton Dickie Fellowship (H.G.), the Burroughs Wellcome Fund Career Award at the Scientific Interface (H.G.), the Sloan Research Foundation (H.G.), the Searle Scholars Program (T.G. and H.G.), the Shurl & Kay Curci Foundation (H.G.), the Human Frontier Science Program (H.G.), and the National Institutes of Health Grants P50 GM071508 and R01 GM097275 (T.G.).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Thomas Gregor .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer Science+Business Media LLC

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Garcia, H.G., Gregor, T. (2018). Live Imaging of mRNA Synthesis in Drosophila . In: Gaspar, I. (eds) RNA Detection. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1649. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7213-5_23

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7213-5_23

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-7212-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-7213-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics