Abstract
NO is a free radical with short half-life and high reactivity; due to its physiochemical properties it is very difficult to detect the concentrations precisely. Chemiluminescence is one of the robust methods to quantify NO. Detection of NO by this method is based on reaction of nitric oxide with ozone which leads to emission of light and amount of light is proportional to NO. By this method NO can be measured in the range of pico moles to nano moles range. Using direct chemiluminescence method, NO emitted into the gas stream can be detected whereas using indirect chemiluminescence oxidized forms of NO can also be detected. We detected NO using purified nitrate reductase, mitochondria, cell suspensions, and roots; detail measurement method is described here.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Mur LAJ, Mandon J, Persijn S, Cristescu S, Moshkov I, Novikova G, Hall M, Hareen F, Hebelstrup K, Gupta KJ (2013) Nitric oxide in plants: an assessment of the current state of knowledge. AoB Plants 5:pls052
Gupta KJ, Fernie AR, Kaiser WM, Van Dongen JT (2011) On the origins of nitric oxide. Trends Plant Sci 16(3):160–168
Moreau M, Lindermayr C, Durner J, Klessig DF (2010) NO synthesis and signaling in plants–where do we stand? Physiol Plant 138(4):372–383
Wink DA, Mitchell JB (1998) Chemical biology of nitric oxide: insights into regulatory, cytotoxic, and cytoprotective mechanisms of nitric oxide. Free Radic Biol Med 25(4–5):434–456
Agurla S, Gayatri G, Raghavendra AS (2014) Nitric oxide as a secondary messenger during stomatal closure as a part of plant immunity response against pathogens. Nitric Oxide 43:83–96
Gupta KJ, Igamberdiev AU (2013) Recommendations of using at least two different methods for measuring NO. Front Plant Physiol 4:58
Mur LAJ, Mandon J, Cristescu SM, Harren FJ, Prats E (2011) Methods of nitric oxide detection in plants: a commentary. Plant Sci 181(5):509–519
Vitecek J, Reinohla V, Jones RL (2008) Measuring NO production by plant tissues and suspension cultured cells. Mol Plant 1:270–284
Rockel P, Strube F, Rockel A, Wildt J, Kaiser WM (2002) Regulation of nitric oxide (NO) production by plant nitrate reductase in vivo and in vitro. J Exp Bot 53:103–110
Harper JE (1981) Evolution of nitrogen oxide(s) during in vivo nitrate reductase assay of soybean leaves. Plant Physiol 68:1488–1493
Klepper LA (1987) Nitric oxide emissions from soybean leaves during in vivo nitrate reductase assays. Plant Physiol 85:96–99
Gupta KJ, Stoimenova M, Kaiser WM (2005) In higher plants, only root mitochondria, but not leaf mitochondria reduce nitrite to NO, in vitro and in situ. J Exp Bot 56:2601–2609
Gupta KJ (2007) Nitric oxide in plants: Investigation of synthesis pathways and role in defense against avirulent Pseudomonas. Thesis, Würzburg, Germany
Chen J, Vandelle E, Bellin D, Delledonne M (2014) Detection and function of nitric oxide during the hypersensitive response in Arabidopsis thaliana: where there’s a will there’s a way. Nitric Oxide 43:81–88
Corpas FJ, Barroso JB, Carreras A, Valderrama R, Palma JM, Leon AM, Sandalio LM, del Rı´o AL (2006) Constitutive arginine-dependent nitric oxide synthase activity in different organs of pea seedlings during plant development. Planta 224:246–254
Planchet E, Sonoda M, Zeier J, Kaiser WM (2006) Nitric oxide (NO) as an intermediate in the cryptogein induced hypersensitive response a critical re-evaluation. Plant Cell Environ 29:59–69
Planchet E, Gupta KJ, Sonoda M, Kaiser WM (2005) Nitric oxide emission from tobacco leaves and cell suspensions: rate-limiting factors and evidence for the involvement of mitochondrial electron transport. Plant J 41:732–743
Gupta KJ, Kaiser WM (2010) Production and scavenging of nitric oxide by barley root mitochondria. Plant Cell Physiol 51(4):57
Conrath U, Amoroso G, Kohle H, Sultemeyer DF (2004) Non-invasive online detection of nitric oxide from plants and some other organisms by mass spectrometry. Plant J 38:1015–1022
Griveau S, Besson-Bard A, Bediqui F, Wendehenne D (2015) Electrochemical detection of nitric oxide in plant cell suspension. In: Walker J, Gupta KJ (eds) Methods in molecular biology. Springer, New York
Shibuki K (1990) An electrochemical microprobe for detecting nitric-oxide release in brain-tissue. Neurosci Res 9:69–76
Besson-Bard A, Griveau S, Bedioui F, Wendehenne D (2008) Real-time electrochemical detection of extracellular nitric oxide in tobacco cells exposed to cryptogein, an elicitor of defence responses. J Exp Bot 59:3407–3414
Weaver J, Porasuphatana S, Tsai P, Budzichowski T, Rosen GM (2005) Spin trapping nitric oxide from neuronal nitric oxide synthase: a look at several iron–dithiocarbamate complexes. Free Radic Res 39:1027–1033. doi:10.1080/10715760500231885
Murphy ME, Noack E (1994) Nitric oxide assay using hemoglobin method. Methods Enzymol 233:240–250. doi:10.1016/S0076-6879(94)33027-1
Cvetkovska M, Vanlerberghe GC (2012) Alternative oxidase modulates leaf mitochondrial concentrations of superoxide and nitric oxide. New Phytol 195
Johnson C, Stout P, Broyer T, Carlton A (1957) Comparative chlorine requirements of different plant species. Plant Soil 8:337–353
Vanlerberghe GC, Day DA, Wiskich JT, Vanlerberghe AE, McIntosh L (1995) Alternative oxidase activity in tobacco leaf mitochondria. Dependence on tricarboxylic acid cycle-mediated redox regulation and pyruvate activation. Plant Physiol 109:353–361
Nishimura M, Douce R, Akazawa T (1982) Isolation and characterization of metabolically competent mitochondria from spinach leaf protoplasts. Plant Physiol 669:916–920
Duncan O, Taylor NL, Carrie C, Eubel H, Kubiszewski-Jakubiak S, Zhang B, Narsai R, Millar AH, Whelan J (2011) Multiple lines of evidence localize signaling, morphology, and lipid biosynthesis machinery to the mitochondrial outer membrane of Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 157(3):1093–1113
Braman RS, Hendrix SA (1989) Nanogram nitrite and nitrate determination in environmental and biological materials by vanadium (III) reduction with chemiluminescence detection. Anal Chem 61:2715–2718
Mur LAJ, Santosa IE, Laarhoven LJJ, Holton NJ, Harren FJM, Smith AR (2005) Laser photoacoustic detection allows in planta detection of nitric oxide in tobacco following challenge with avirulent and virulent Pseudomonas syringae pathovars. Plant Physiol 138:1247–1258
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by Ramalingaswami Fellowship funded to JGK by DBT. I thank Werner Kaiser, University of Wuerzburg, for introducing chemiluminescence method. RJ and PKP are currently funded by UGC Fellowship for doctoral studies.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Wany, A. et al. (2016). Chemiluminescence Detection of Nitric Oxide from Roots, Leaves, and Root Mitochondria. In: Gupta, K. (eds) Plant Nitric Oxide. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1424. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3600-7_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3600-7_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-3598-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-3600-7
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols