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NLR Proteins pp 1–43Cite as

Innate Immune Receptors

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Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1417))

Abstract

For many years innate immunity was regarded as a relatively nonspecific set of mechanisms serving as a first line of defence to contain infections while the more refined adaptive immune response was developing. The discovery of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) revolutionised the prevailing view of innate immunity, revealing its intimate connection with adaptive immunity and generation of effector and memory T- and B-cell responses. Among the PRRs, families of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), C-type lectin receptors (CLR), retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) and nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat-containing protein receptors (NLRs), along with a number of cytosolic DNA sensors and the family of absent in melanoma (AIM)-like receptors (ALRs), have been characterised. NLR sensors have been a particular focus of attention, and some NLRs have emerged as key orchestrators of the inflammatory response through the formation of large multiprotein complexes termed inflammasomes. However, several other functions not related to inflammasomes have also been described for NLRs. This chapter introduces the different families of PRRs, their signalling pathways, cross-regulation and their roles in immunosurveillance. The structure and function of NLRs is also discussed with particular focus on the non-inflammasome NLRs.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland

    Natalia Muñoz-Wolf & Ed C. Lavelle

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  1. Natalia Muñoz-Wolf
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  2. Ed C. Lavelle
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Correspondence to Ed C. Lavelle .

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  1. Department of Morphology Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

    Francesco Di Virgilio

  2. Muricia Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB-Arrixaca), Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca Murcia, Molecular Inflammation Group, Murcia, Spain

    Pablo Pelegrín

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Muñoz-Wolf, N., Lavelle, E.C. (2016). Innate Immune Receptors. In: Di Virgilio, F., Pelegrín, P. (eds) NLR Proteins. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1417. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3566-6_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3566-6_1

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