Abstract
The four-vessel occlusion (4-VO) method of global forebrain cerebral ischemia mimics the human clinical condition of cardiac arrest. It results in selective neuronal damage and is a useful experimental system to dissect underlying mechanisms behind ischemic phenomena such as the differential susceptibility of CA1 compared to the CA3 region of the hippocampus. It also provides a “proof-of-principle” system for testing out potential agents for neuroprotection.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Pulsinelli WA, Duffy TE (1983) Regional energy balance in rat brain after transient forebrain ischemia. J Neurochem 40(5):1500–1503
The National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and reduction of animals in research (NC3Rs) http://www.nc3rs.org.uk/landing.asp?id=2
Mhairi Macrae I (1992) New models of focal cerebral ischaemia. Br J Clin Pharmacol 34(4):302–308
McBean DE, Kelly PA (1998) Rodent models of global cerebral ischemia: a comparison of two-vessel occlusion and four-vessel occlusion. Gen Pharmacol 30(4):431–434
Papadakis M, Hadley G, Xilouri M, Hoyte LC, Nagel S, McMenamin MM, Tsaknakis G, Watt SM, Drakesmith CW, Chen R, Wood MJ, Zhao Z, Kessler B, Vekrellis K, Buchan AM (2013) Tsc1 (Hamartin) confers neuroprotection against ischemia by inducing autophagy. Nat Med 19(3):351–357
Pulsinelli WA, Brierley JB (1979) A new model of bilateral hemispheric ischemia in the unanesthetized rat. Stroke 10(3):267–272
Eklöf B, Siesjö BK (1972) The effect of bilateral carotid artery ligation upon the blood flow and the energy state of the rat brain. Acta Physiol Scand 86(2):155–165
Pulsinelli WA, Buchan AM (1988) The four-vessel occlusion rat model: method for complete occlusion of vertebral arteries and control of collateral circulation. Stroke 19(7):913–914
Kirino T (1982) Delayed neuronal death in the gerbil hippocampus following ischemia. Brain Res 239(1):57–69
Pulsinelli WA, Brierley JB, Plum F (1982) Temporal profile of neuronal damage in a model of transient forebrain ischemia. Ann Neurol 11:491–498
Murakami K, Kondo T, Kawase M, Chan PH (1998) The development of a new mouse model of global ischemia: focus on the relationships between ischemia duration, anesthesia, cerebral vasculature, and neuronal injury following global ischemia in mice. Brain Res 780(2):304–310
Morikawa E, Ginsberg MD, Dietrich WD, Duncan RC, Kraydieh S, Globus MY, Busto R (1992) The significance of brain temperature in focal cerebral ischemia: histopathological consequences of middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 12(3):380–389
Colbourne F, Li H, Buchan AM (1999) Indefatigable CA1 sector neuroprotection with mild hypothermia induced 6 hours after severe forebrain ischemia in rats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 19(7):742–749
Tulis DA (2007) Rat carotid artery balloon injury model. Methods Mol Med 139:1–30
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Hadley, G., Papadakis, M., Buchan, A.M. (2014). A Method of Inducing Global Cerebral Ischemia. In: Milner, R. (eds) Cerebral Angiogenesis. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1135. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0320-7_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0320-7_10
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-0319-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-0320-7
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols