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Handbook of Adolescent Behavioral Problems pp 473–494Cite as

Gang Behavior

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Abstract

An extraordinary amount of time, effort, and money has been expended researching the gang problem in America, and most researchers who have reviewed the enormous amount of available information have concluded that the problem can only be successfully prevented and treated through a combination of prevention, intervention, and suppression. This chapter explores gangs/gang behavior in adolescence by exploring strategies that do not, that might, and that do work as intervention and prevention programs. The integration of strategies (e.g., provision of support in separating from gangs with suppression that discourages further involvement in gang crime) and services (multiple service providers and high dosage levels) has emerged as the predominant feature of effective gang programs.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    For a description of the NYGS study population and sample methodology, see www.nationalgangcenter.gov/Survey-Analysis/Methodology.

  2. 2.

    The Comprehensive Gang Model, presented by Howell (2012), is an extension of what he previously (Howell, 2003a) referred to as the Comprehensive Strategy Framework (CSF), as was detailed in the previous edition of this volume.

  3. 3.

    This statement could be considered ironic, since aggression, conduct problems, and antisocial behavior account for one-third to one-half of all child and adolescent referrals to psychiatric clinics (Lynn & King, 2002).

  4. 4.

    It is important to note that the vast majority of the available studies used laboratory animals (Lopez, Vazqueuz, Chalmers, & Watson, 1997).

  5. 5.

    Because of its emphasis on care continuums, MST is frequently used to augment the OJJDP Comprehensive Strategy (Henggeler et al., 2009; Howell, 2003a, 2012).

  6. 6.

    The use of peer leaders without adult/teacher supervision has proven to be uniformly ineffective (Gottfredson & Gottfredson, 2001; Howell, 2003a, 2012).

  7. 7.

    D.A.R.E. has grown into a $227-million/year enterprise that hires 50,000 police officers to teach its curriculum (Gottfredson & Gottfredson, 2001). Mixed results have been reported from at least 20 rigorous evaluations of the D.A.R.E. program (Howell, 2012). The three most rigorous studies, each of which used a random design, were conducted by Clayton, Cattarello, and Johnstone (1996); Rosenbaum, Flewelling, Bailey, Ringwalt, and Wilkinson (1994); and Rosenbaum and Hanson (1998). The results of these studies showed conclusively that D.A.R.E. is ineffective in achieving its stated goals.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Senior Partner Community Consulting Group, 156 Fifth Avenue, Suite 725, New York, NY, 10010, USA

    Mark B. Borg Jr. Ph.D.

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  1. Mark B. Borg Jr. Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Mark B. Borg Jr. Ph.D. .

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  1. Child and Family Agency of Southeastern Connecticut, New London, Connecticut, USA

    Thomas P. Gullotta

  2. Value Options, Rocky Hill, Connecticut, USA

    Robert W. Plant

  3. Eastern Connecticut State University, Willimantic, Connecticut, USA

    Melanie A. Evans

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Borg, M.B. (2015). Gang Behavior. In: Gullotta, T., Plant, R., Evans, M. (eds) Handbook of Adolescent Behavioral Problems. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7497-6_25

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