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Biological Reactive Intermediates V pp 171–176Cite as

Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Nitric Oxide Biosynthesis

Role of Xenobiotics in Epithelial Inflammation

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Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 387))

Abstract

The squamous epithelium, which comprises the outermost barrier to the environment, functions as the primary initial site of xenobiotic insult. Following xenobiotic insult, the epithelium responds by producing a complex inflammatory micro-environment. During inflammation, hyperplasia, edema as well as leukocyte infiltration are typically observed (Adams, 1993). Stromal cells, keratinocytes in the case of the skin, resident immune-type dendritic cells, and infiltrating leukocytes release an array of cytokines and inflammatory mediators that regulate the inflammatory process. Initially, these mediators induce increased vascular permeability, which in turn facilitates an influx of serum-derived factors including complement, hormones, leukotrienes and cytokines (Camp, 1990, Gallo, 1989). These mediators then enhance recruitment of additional leukocytes to the site of xenobiotic insult as well as stimulating the proliferation of resident epithelial cells and fibroblasts. This later effect is required for the resolution of inflammation and successful wound repair (Friedman, 1993, Knighton, 1991, Kupper, 1990).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08855, USA

    Diane E. Heck

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  1. Diane E. Heck
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA

    Robert Snyder  & Charlotte M. Witmer  & 

  2. University of Arizona, Tuscon, Arizona, USA

    I. Glenn Sipes

  3. Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA

    David J. Jollow

  4. University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA

    Terrence J. Monks

  5. Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    James J. Kocsis  & George F. Kalf  & 

  6. GSF Institute of Toxicology, Technical University, Munich, Germany

    Helmut Greim

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© 1996 Springer Science+Business Media New York

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Heck, D.E. (1996). Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Nitric Oxide Biosynthesis. In: Snyder, R., et al. Biological Reactive Intermediates V. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 387. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9480-9_23

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9480-9_23

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-9482-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-9480-9

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