Abstract
The role of viruses in the induction of papillomas which may persist and give rise to malignant lesions was demonstrated in animals a number of years ago (Rous and Beard, 1935). More recent observations suggest that a similar relationship could exist in humans infected with certain types of papillomaviruses (HPV) (Gissmann, 1984). The nature of the host-virus interactions leading to persistence of papillomavirus infections are poorly understood as are the factors leading to the development of virus-associated malignant disease. In addition to in-tracellular events controlling virus replication, lesion formation appears to be controlled, in part, by host immune responses. It is our intent in this paper to portray the nature of persistence of human papillomaviruses and to review the role of immune factors in controlling the diseases induced by these viruses.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Aiba, S., Rokugu, M. , and Tagami, H., 1986, Immunohistologic analysis of the phenomenon of spontaneous regression of numerous flat warts, Cancer, 58:1246.
Androphy, E.J., Dvoretzky, T., and Lowy, D.R., 1985, X-linked inheritance of epidermodysplasia verruciformis, Arch. Dermatol., 121:864.
Androphy, E.J., Schiller, J.T., and Lowy, D.R., 1985, Identification of the protein encoded by E6 transforming gene of bovine papillomavirus, Science, 230:442, 1985
Androphy, E.J., Hubbert, N.L., Schiller, J.T., and Lowy, D.R., 1987, Identification of the HPV-16 E6 protein from transformed mouse cells and human cervical cell lines, EMBO J, 6:989.
Baker, C.C, and Howley, P.M., 1987, Differential promoter utilization by the bovine papillomavirus in transformed cells and productively infected wart tissue, EMBO J, 6:1027.
Banks, L., Spence, P., Androphy, E., Hubbert, N., Matlashewski, G., Murray, A., and Crawford, L., 1987, Identification of human papillomavirus type 18 E6 polypeptide in cells derived from human cervical carcinomas, J. gen. Virol. 68:1351.
Berg, L.J., Singh, K., and Botchan, M., 1986, Complementation of a bovine papillomavirus low-copy-number mutant: evidence for a temporal requirement of the complementing gene, Mol. Cell. Biol., 6:859.
Bhawan,J., Dayal, Y., and Bhan, T.K., 1986, Langerhans’ cells in molluscum contagiosum, verruca vulgaris, plantar wart and condyloma acuminatum, J. Am. Acad. Derm., 15:645.
Broker, T.R., and Botchan, M., 1986, Papillomaviruses: retrospectives and prospectives, in: “Cancer Cell 4/ DNA Tumor Viruses”, pp. 17–36, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York.
Caorsi, T., and Figueroa, C.D., 1986, Langerhans’ cell density in normal exocervical epithelium and in the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, Br. J. Obst. Gynecol., 93:993.
Chardonnet, Y., Viac, J., and Thivolet, J., 1986, Langerhans’ cells in human warts, Br. J. Derm., 115:669.
Claudy, A.L., Touraine, J.L., and Mitanne, D., 1982, Epidermodysplasia verruciformis induced by a new human papillomavirus (HPV-8) (Report of a case without immune dysfunction. Effect of a treatment with an aromatic retinoid. Arch. Dermatol. Res., 274:213.
Cripe, T.P., Haugen, T.H., Turk, J.P., Tabatabai, F., Schmidt, P.G., Durst, M., Gissmann, L., Roman, A., and Turek, L.P., 1987, Transcriptional regulation of the human papillomavirus-16 E6-E7 promoter by a keratinocyte-dependent enhancer, and by viral E2 trans-activator and repressor gene products: implications for cervical carcinogenesis, EMBO J, 6:3745.
De Villiers, E.-M., Schneider, A., Milklaw, H., Papendick, U., Wagner, D., Wesch, H., Wahrendorf, J., and zur Hausen, H., 1987, Human papillomavirus infections in women with and without abnormal cervical cytology, Lancet, ii:703.
DiMaio, D., Guralski, D., and Schiller, J.T., 1986, Translation of open reading frame E5 of bovine papillomavirus is required for its transforming activity, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 83:1797.
Doorbar, J., Campbell, D., Grand, R.J.A., and Gallimore, P.H., 1986, Identification of the human papillomavirus-la E4 gene product, EMBO J, 5:355.
Doorbar, J., and Gallimore, P.H., 1987, Identification of proteins encoded by the L1 and L2 open reading frames of human papillomavirus la, J. Virol., 61:2793.
Durst, M. , Croce, C.M., Gissmann, L., Schwarz, E., and Huebner, K., 1987, Papillomavirus sequences integrate near cellular oncogenes in some cervical carcinoma, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 84:1070.
Evans, C.A., Gorman, L.R., Ito, Y., and Weiser, R.S., 1962, Antitumor immunity in the Shope papilloma-carcinoma complex of rabbits. I Papilloma regression induced by homologous and autologous tissue vaccines. JNCI, 29:277.
Evans, CA., and Ito, Y., 1966, Antitumor immunity in the Shope papilloma-carcinoma complex of rabbits. III Response to reinfection with viral nucleic acid, JNCI, 36:1161.
Ferenczy, A., Mitao, M., Nagai, N., Silverstein, S.J., and Crum, C,P., 1985, Latent papillomavirus and recurring genital warts. N. Enal. J. Med., 313:784.
Giri, T., and Danos, O., 1986, Papillomavirus genomes: from sequence data to biological properties, Trends in Genetics, 2:227.
Gissmann, L., de Villiers, E.-M., and zur Hausen, H., 1982, Analysis of human genital warts (condylomata acuminata) and other genital tumors for human papillomavirus type 6 DNA, Int. J. Cancer, 29:143.
Gissmann, L., 1984, Papillomaviruses and their association with cancer in animals and in man, Cancer Surv., 3:162.
Glinski, W., Jablonska, S., Langer, A., Obalek, S., Haftek, M., and Proniewska, M., 1976, Cell-mediated immunity in epidermodysplasia verruciformis, Dermatologica, 153:218.
Glinski, W., Obalek, S., Jablonska, S., and Orth, G., 1981, T cell defect in patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis due to human papillomavirus type 3 and 5, Dermatoloqica. 162:141.
Green, M., and Loewenstein, P.M., 1987, Demonstration that chemically synthesized BPV-1 oncoprotein and its C-terminal domain function to induce cellular DNA synthesis, Cell, 51:705.
Hirochika, H., Broker, T.R., and Chow, L.T., 1987, Enhancers and trans-acting E2 transcriptional factors of papillomaviruses, J. Virol., 61:2599.
Jarrett, W.F.H., 1985, The natural history of bovine papillomavirus infections, Adv. Viral Oncol., 5:83.
Jenson, A.B., Rosenthal, J.D., Olson, C., Pass, F., Lancaster, W.D., and Shah, K., 1980, Immunologic relatedness of papillomaviruses from different species, JNCI, 64:495.
Johansson, E., Pyrhonen, S., and Rostila, T., 1977, Warts and wart virus antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, Br. Med. J., 1:74.
Kienzier, J.L., Th.Lemoine, M., Orth, G., Jibard, N., Blanc, D., Laurent, R., and Agache, P., 1983, Humoral and cell mediated immunity to human papillomavirus type 1 (HPV-1) in human warts, Br. J. Derm., 108:665.
Komly, C.A., Beitburd, F., Croissant, O., and Streeck, R.E., 1986, The L2 open reading frame of human papillomavirus type la encodes a minor structural protein carrying type-specific antigens, J. Virol., 60:813.
Koss, L.G., 1987, Cytologic and histologie manifestations of human papillomavirus infections of the female genital tract and their clinical significance, Cancer, 60:1942.
Kreider, J.W., and Bartlett, G.L., 1987, Shope papilloma-carcinoma complex of rabbits, Adv. Cancer Res., 35:81.
Lancaster, W.D., and Olson, C., 1982, Animal Papillomaviruses, Microbiol. Rev., 46(2):191.
Li, C.H., Shah, K.V., Seth, A., and Gilden, R., 1987, Identification of the human papillomavirus type 6b L1 open reading frame protein in condylomas and corresponding antibodies in human sera, J. Virol., 61:2684.
Lorincz, A.T., Lancaster, W.D., Kurman, R.J., Jenson, A.B., and Temple, G.F., 1986, Characterization of the human papillomaviruses in cervical neoplasias and their detection in routine clinical screening, in: “Viral Etiology of Cervical Cancer”, R. Peto and H. zur Hausen ed., Branbury Report 21, pp. 225–237, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.
Lusky, M., and Botchan, M.R., 1984, Characterization of the papillomavirus plasmid maintenance sequences, Ceil, 36:391.
Lusky, M., and Botchan, M.R., 1986, A bovine papillomavirus type 1-encoded modulation function is dispensable for transient viral replication but is required for establishment of the stable plasmid state, J. Virol., 60:729.
Lutzner, M.T., 1978, Epidermodysplasia verruciformis: an autosomal recessive disease characterized by viral warts and skin cancer, Bull. Cancer, 65:169.
MacNab, J.C.M., Walkinshaw, S.A., Cordiner, J.W., and Clements, J.B., 1986, Human papillomavirus in clinically and histologically normal tissue of patients with genital cancer, N. Engl. J. Med., 315:1052.
Majewski, S., Sopinska-Rozewska, E., Jablonska, S., Wasik, M., Misiewic, J., and Orth, G. , 1986, Partial defects of cell-mediated immunity in patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis, J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., 15:966.
Matlashewski, G. , Banks, L., Wu-Liao, J., Spence, P., Pirn, D., and Crawford, L., 1986, The expression of human papillomavirus type 18 E6 protein in bacteria and production of anti-E6 antibodies, J. gen. Virol., 67:1909.
McArdle, J.P., and Muller, H.K., 1986, Quantitative assessment of Langerhans’ cells in human cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and wart virus infection, Am. J. Obst. Gynecol., 154:509.
McMichael, H., 1967, Inhibition by methylprednisolone of regression of the Shope rabbit papilloma, JNCI, 39:55.
Meanwell, C., Cox, M.F., Blackledge, G., and Maitland, N.J., 1987, HPV 16 DNA in normal and malignant cervical epithelium: implications for the etiology and behavior of cervical neoplasia, Lancet, i:703.
Meinke, W., and Meinke, C.G., 1981, Isolation and characterization of the major capsid protein of bovine papillomavirus type 1, J. gen. Virol., 52:15.
Meisels, A., Roy, M., Fortier, M., Morin, C., Casas-Corero, M. , Shah, K.V., and Turgeon, H., 1981, Human papillomavirus infection of the cervix. The atypical condyloma, Acta Cytol., 25:7.
Morison, W.L., 1975, In vitro assay of immunity to human wart antigens, Br. J. Dermatol., 93:545.
Murdoch, J.B., Cassidy, L.J., Fletcher, K., Cordiner, J.W., and Macnab, J.C.M., 1988, Histological and cytological evidence of viral infection and human papillomavirus type 16 DNA sequences in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and normal tissue in the west of Scotland: evaluation of treatment policy, Br. Med. J., 296:381.
Nakai, Y., Lancaster, W.D., Lim, L.Y., and Jenson, A.B., 1986, Monoclonal antibodies to genus- and type-specific papillomavirus antigens, Intervirol., 25:30.
Oriel, J.D., 1971, Natural history of genital warts, Br. J. Vener. Dis., 46:1.
Orth, G., Jablonska, S., Jarzabek-Chorzelska, M., Obalek, S., Rzesa, G., Favre, M., and Croissant, O., 1979, Characteristics of the lesions and risk of malignant conversion associated with the type of human papillomavirus involved in epidermodysplasia verruciformis, Cancer Res., 39:1074.
Pass, F., and Maizel, J.B., 1973, Wart-associated antigens. II Human immunity to viral structural proteins, J. Invest. Dermatol., 60:307.
Pfister, H., Iftner, T., and Fuchs, P.G., 1985, Papillomaviruses from epidermodysplasia verruciformis patients and several allograft recipients, in: “Papillomaviruses: molecular and clinical aspects”, UCLA Symposia on molecular and cellular biology, new series, P.M. Howley, T.R. Broker, eds., vol. 32:85–100, Alan R. Liss, NY.
Pfister, J.C., Krubke, J., Dietrich, W., Iftner, T., and Fuchs, P.G., 1986, Classification of the papillomaviruses-mapping of the genome, in: “Papillomaviruses”, Ciba Foundation Symposium 120, pp.3–22, Wiley, Chichester.
Pilacinski, W.P., Glassman, D.L., Krzyzek, R.A., Sadowski, P.L., and Robbins, A.K., 1984, Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of the bovine papillomavirus L1 and L2 open reading frames, Biotech., 1:356.
Pilacinski, W.P., Glassman, D.L., Glassman, K.F., Reed, D.E., Lum, M.A., Marshall, R.F., Muscoplat, C.C., and Faras, A.J., 1986, Immunization against bovine papillomavirus infection, in: “Papillomaviruses”, pp.136–156, Ciba Foundation Symposium 120, Wiley, Chihester.
Portolani, M., Mantovani, G., Pietrosemoli, P., Cermelli, C., and Boselli, F., 1987, Antibodies to papillomavirus genus-antigens in women with genital warts, Microbiol., 10:271.
Reeves, W.C., Caussy, D., Brinton, L.A., Brenes, M.M., Montalvan, P., Gomez, B., de Britton, R.C., Morice E., Gaitan, E., Loo de Lao, S., and Rawls, W.E., 1987, Case-control study of human papillomaviruses and cervical cancer in Latin America, Int. J. Cancer, 40:450.
Reeves, W.C., Arosemena, J.R., Garcia, M., Loo de Lao, S., de Torraza, I., Cuevas, M., Quiroz, E., Willett, J., Guerrero, D.M., Brenes, M.M., Caussy, D., Kurman, R., and Rawls, W.E., Cervical cytopathology and genital papillomavirus (HPV) infection in Panamanian prostitutes (in preparation).
Reid, R., Stanhope, C.R., Herschman, B.R., Booth, E., Phibbs, G., and Smith, J.P., 1982, Genital warts and cervical cancer. I. Evidence of an association between subclinical papillomavirus infection and cervical malignancy, Cancer, 50:377.
Reid, R., Greenberg, M., Jensen, B., Husain, M., Willett, J., Daoud, Y., Temple, G., Stanhope, C.R., Sherman, A.I., Phibbs, G.D. and Lorincz, A.T., 1987, Sexually transmitted papillomaviral infections. I The anatomic distribution and pathologic grade of neoplastic lesions associated with different viral types, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 156:212.
Rous, P., and Beard, J.W., 1986, The progression to carcinoma of virus-induced rabbit papilloma (Shope), J. Exp. Med., 62: 523.
Rudlinger, R., Smith, J.W., Bunney, M.H., and Hunter, J.A.A., 1986, Human papillomavirus infections in a group of renal transplant recipients, Br. J. Dermatol., 115:681.
Schiller, J.T., Vass, W.C., Vousden, K.H., and Lowy, D.R., 1986, E5 open reading frame of bovine papillomavirus type 1 encodes a transforming gene, J. Virol., 57:1. Schneider, A., Kraus, H., Schuhmann, R., and Gissmann, L., 1985, Papillomavirus infection of the lower genital tract: detection of viral DNA in gynecological swabs, Int. J. Cancer, 35:443.
Schneider, A., Kraus, H., Schuhmann, R., and Gissmann, L., 1985, Papillomavirus infection of the lower genital tract: detection of viral DNA in gynecological swabs, Int. J. Cancer, 35:443
Schneider, A., Hotz, M., and Gissmann, L., 1987, Increased prevalence of human papillomaviruses in the lower genital tract of pregnant women, Int. J. Cancer. 40:198.
Seedorf, K., Oltersdorf, T., Krammer, G., and Rowekamp, W., 1987, Identification of early proteins of the human papillomaviruses type 16 (HPV 16) and type 18 (HPV 18) in cervical cancer cells, EMBO J, 6:139.
Seto, A., Notake, K., Kawanishi, M., and Ito, Y., 1977, Development and regression of Shope papillomas induced in newborn domestic rabbits, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med,. 156:64.
Sheil, A.G., Flavel, S., Disney, A.P.S., and Mathew, T.H., 1985, Cancer development in patients progressing to dialysis and renal transplantation, Transplant. Proc., 17:1685.
Shuttleworth, D., Marks, R., Griffin, P.J.A., and Salaman, J.R., 1987, Dysplastic epidermal change in immunosuppressed patients with renal transplants, Quart. J. Med., 64:609.
Spalholz, B.T., Lambert, P.F., Yee, C.L., and Howley, P.M., 1987, Bovine papillomavirus transcriptional regulation: localization of the E2-responsive elements of the long control region, J. Virol., 61:2128.
Syrjanen, K., Varynen, M., Saakikosoi, S., Mantyjarvi, R., Parkkinen, S., Hippelainen, M., and Castren, O., 1985, Natural history of cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) infection based on prospective follow-up, Br. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 92:1086.
Syverton, J.T., Dascomb, H.E., Koomen, J. Jr, Wells, E.B., and Berry, G.P., 1950, The virus-induced papilloma-to carcinoma sequence. I. The growth pattern in natural and experimental infections, Cancer Res., 10:379.
Tagami, H., Tarigawa, M., Ogino, A., Tinamura, S., and Ofuji, S., 1977, Spontaneous regression of plane warts after inflammation: Clinical and histologic studies in 25 cases, Arch. Dermatol., 113:1209.
Tagami, H., Oku, T., and Jwatsuki, K., 1985, Primary tissue culture of spontaneously regressing flat warts, Cancer, 55:2437.
Tay, S.K., Jenkins, D., Maddox, P., Campion, M., and Singer, A., Subpopulation of Langerhans’ cells in cervical neoplasia, Br. J. Obst. Gynecol., 94:10.
Tay, S.K., Jenkins, D., Maddox, P., and Singer, A., 1987, Lymphocyte phenotypes in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and human papillomavirus infection, Br. J. Obst. Gynecol., 94:16.
Tomita, Y., Shirasawa, H., and Simizu, B., 1987, Expression of human papillomavirus types 6b and 16 L1 open reading frames in Escherichia coli: detection of a 56,000-dalton polypeptide containing genus-specific (common) antigens, J. Virol., 61:2389.
Vayrnen, M., Syrjanen, K., Mantyjarvi, R., Castren, O., and Saarikoski, S., 1985, Immunophenotypes of lymphocyte in prospectively followed up human papillomavirus lesions of the cervix, Genitourin. Med., 61:190.
Volz-Platzer, B., Majdic, O., Knapp, W., Wolff, K., Hinterberger, W., Lechner, K., and Stingi, G., 1984, Evidence of HLA-DR antigen biosynthesis by human keratinocytes in disease, J. Exp. Med., 159:1784.
Waldeck, S., Rosl, F., and Zentgraf, J.C., 1984, Origin of replication in episomal bovine papillomavirus type 1 DNA isolated from transformed cells, EMBO J, 3:2173.
Wickenden, C., Steele, A., Malcolm, A.D., and Coleman, D.V., 1985, Screening for warts virus infection in normal and abnormal cervices by DNA hybridization of cervical scrapes, Lancet, i:65.
Yang, Y., Okayama, J.C., and Howley, P.U., 1985, Bovine papillomavirus contains multiple transforming genes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 82:1030.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1989 Plenum Press, New York
About this paper
Cite this paper
Acs, J., Reeves, W.C., Rawls, W.E. (1989). Persistence of Human Papillomaviruses. In: Askonas, B.A., Moss, B., Torrigiani, G., Gorini, S. (eds) The Immune Response to Viral Infections. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 257. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5712-4_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5712-4_16
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-5714-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-5712-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive