Skip to main content

Current Status of Thrombopoietin

  • Chapter
Molecular Biology of Hemopoiesis

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 34))

Abstract

This review outlines the effects of a thrombocytopoiesis-stimulating factor (TSF or thrombopoietin) on thrombocytopoiesis and megakaryocytopoiesis. Thrombopoietin is a hormone that is now known to be a major controlling factor of blood platelet production. The background, including a model for megakaryocytopoiesis, controlling factors, sources of the hormone, the role of the kidney in thrombopoietin production, a possible gene location for the stimulating factor, assay procedures, antibodies, and tests for other stimulators in TSF-rich preparations will be discussed briefly. In addition, new studies on purification and characterization of the hormone will be presented.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Ebbe, S. 1970. Responses of the thrombocytopoietic system to platelet depletion and irradiation. In: Stohlman F (ed) Hemopoietic cellular proliferation, New York, Grune and Stratton, p 285.

    Google Scholar 

  2. McDonald, T.P. 1988. Thrombopoietin: its biology, purification and characterization. Exp Hematol. 16: 201.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Mazur, E.M. 1987. Megakaryocytopoiesis and platelet production. Exp Hematol 15: 340.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Nakeff A., S. Daniels-McQueen. 1976. In vitro colony assay for a new class of megakaryocyte precursors: colony-forming unit megakaryocyte (CFU-M). Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 151: 587.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Levin, J., F. C. Levin, D.G. Penington, and D. Metcalf. 1981. Measurement of ploidy distribution in megakaryocyte colonies obtained from culture: with studies of the effects of thrombocytopenia. Blood 57: 287.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Williams, N., R.R. Eger, H.M. Jackson, and D.J. Nelson. 1982. Two-factor requirement for murine megakaryocyte colony formation. J Cell Physiol 110: 101.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Enomoto, K., M. Kawakita, S. Kishimoto, N. Katayama, and T. Miyake 1980. Thrombopoiesis and megakaryocyte colony stimulating factor in the urine of patients with aplastic anemia. Br J Haematol 45: 551.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Miyake, T., M. Kawakita, K. Enomoto, and M.J. Murphy, Jr. 1982. Partial purification and biological properties of thrombopoietin extracted from the urine of aplastic anemia patients. Stem Cells 2: 129.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Mazur, E.M., and K. South. 1985. Human megakaryocyte colony-stimulating factor in sera from aplastic dogs: partial purification, characterization and determination of hematopoietic cell lineage specificity. Exp Hematol 13: 1164.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Miura, M., C.W. Jackson, and S.A. Lyles. 1984. Increases in circulating megakaryocyte growth-promoting activity in the plasma of rats following whole body irradiation. Blood 63: 1060.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Burstein, S.A. 1986. Interleukin-3 promotes maturation of murine megakaryocytes in vitro. Blood Cells 11: 469.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Quesenberry, P.J., J.N. Ihle, and E. McGrath. 1985. The effect of interleukin 3 and GM-CSA-2 on megakaryocyte and myeloid clonal colony formation. Blood 65: 214.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Levin, J., and B.L. Evatt. 1979. Humoral control of thrombopoiesis. Blood Cells 5: 105.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. McDonald, T.P. 1981. Thrombopoietin and its control of thrombocytopoiesis and megakaryocytopoiesis. In: Evatt B.L., Levine R., Williams, N. (eds) Megakaryocyte biology and precursors: in vitro cloning and cellular properties. New York: Elsevier North Holland, p 39.

    Google Scholar 

  15. O’Dell, T.T., Jr., T.P. McDonald, and T.C. Detwiler. 1961. Stimulation of platelet production by serum of platelet-depleted rats. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 108: 428.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Evatt, B.L., D.P. Shreiner, and J. Levin. 1974. Thrombopoietic activity of fractions of rabbit plasma: studies in rabbits and mice. J Lab Clin Med 83: 364.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Evatt, B.L., J. Levin, and K.M. Algazy. 1979. Partial purification of thrombopoietin from the plasma of thrombocytopenic rabbits. Blood 54: 377.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Dassin, E., J. Bourebia, Y. Najean, and A.M. Roset. 1983. Partial purification of a thrombocytopoiesis stimulating factor present in the serum of thrombocytopenic rats. Acta Haematol 69: 249.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Hill, R., and J. Levin. 1986. Partial purification of thrombopoietin using lectin chromatography. Exp Hematol 14: 752.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Levin, J., F.C. Levin, D.F. Hull, III, and D.G. Penington. 1982. The effects of thrombopoietin on megakaryocyte-CFC, megakaryocytes, and thrombopoiesis: with studies of ploidy and platelet size. Blood 60: 989.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Evatt, B.L., and J. Levin. 1969. Measurement of thrombopoiesis in rabbits using selenomethionine. J Clin Invest 48: 1615.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Penington, D.G. 1970. Isotope bioassay for “thrombopoietin”. Br Med J 1: 606.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. McDonald, T.P. 1975. Assay of thrombopoietin utilizing human sera and urine fractions. Biochem Med 13: 101.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Shreiner, D.P., J. Weinberg, and D. Enoch. 1980. Plasma thrombopoietic activity in humans with normal and abnormal platelet counts. Blood 56: 183.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. McDonald, T.P., R. Clift, R.D. Lange, C. Nolan, I.I.E. Tribby, and G.H. Barlow. 1975. Thrombopoietin production by human embryonic kidney cells in culture. J Lab Clin Med 85: 59.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. McDonald, T.P., M. Cottrell, R. Clift, J.A. Khouri, and M.D. Long. 1985. Studies on the purification of thrombopoietin from kidney cell culture medium. J Lab Clin Med 106: 162.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. McDonald, T.P., R. Clift, M. Cottrell, and M.D. Long. 1986. Further studies on the purification and assay of thrombopoietin. Ins Levine, R.F., Williams, N., Levin J., Evatt, B.L. (eds) Megakaryocyte development and function, New Yorks Alan R. Liss, p 215.

    Google Scholar 

  28. McDonald, T.P., R. Clift, M. Cottrell, and M.D. Long. 1987. Recovery of thrombopoietin during purification. Biochem Med Metab Biol 37: 335.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. McDonald, T.P. 1980. Effect of thrombopoietin on platelet size of mice. Exp Hematol 8: 527.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. McDonald, T.P., R. Clift, C. Nolan, and I.I.E. Tribby. 1976. A comparison of mice in rebound-thrombocytosis with platelet-hypertransfused mice for the assay of thrombopoietin. Scand J Haematol 16: 326.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. McDonald, T.P., and G.D. Kalmaz. 1983. Effects of thrombopoietin on the number and diameter of marrow megakaryocytes of mice. Exp Hematol 11: 91.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Cullen, W.C., and T.P. McDonald. 1986. A comparison of stereologic techniques for the quantification of megakaryocyte size and number. Exp Hematol 14: 782.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Kalmaz, G.D., and T.P. McDonald. 1981. Effects of antiplatelet serum and thrombopoietin on the percentage of small acetyl- cholinesterase-positive cells in bone marrow of mice. Exp Hematol 9: 1002.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Raha, S.W., W. Wesemann, and T.P. McDonald. 1985. Isolation of mouse megakaryocytessI.Separation of two fractions enriched in different maturational stages. Eur J Cell Biol 37: 111.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. McDonald, T.P., M. Cottrell, C.C Congdon, O. Walasek, and G.H. Barlow. 1978. Stimulation of megakaryocytic spleen colonies in mice by thrombopoietin. Life Sci 22: 1853.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. McDonald, T.P., M. Cottrell, and R. Clift. 1977. Hematologic changes and thrombopoietin production in mice after x-irradiation and platelet-specific antisera. Exp Hematol 5: 291.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. McDonald, T.P., and C. Nolan. 1979. Partial purification of a thrombocytopoietic-stimulating factor from kidney cell culture medium. Biochem Med 21: 146.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. McDonald, T.P., R.B. Andrews, R. Clift, and M. Cottrell. 1981. Characterization of a thrombocytopoietic-stimulating factor from kidney cell culture medium. Exp Hematol 9: 288.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. McDonald, T.P., M. Cottrell, C. Nolan, and O. Walasek. 1977. Immunologic similarities of thrombopoietin from different sources. Scand J Haematol 18: 91.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Krizsa, F. 1971. Study on the development of posthaemorrhagic thrombocytosis in rats. Acta Haematol 46: 228.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. McDonald, T.P. 1976. Role of the kidneys in thrombopoietin production, Exp Hematol 4: 27.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Klener, P., O. Marcibal, L. Donner, and F. Kornalik. 1977. Serum thrombopoietic activity following administration of vinblastine. Scand J Haematol 19: 287.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Zucali, J.R., T.P. McDonald, D.F. Gruber, and E.A. Mirand. 1977. Erythropoietin, thrombopoietin and colony stimulating factor in fetal mouse liver culture media. Exp Hematol 5: 385.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Ogle, J.W., C.D.R. Dunn, T.P. McDonald, and R.D. Lange. 1978. The in vitro production of erythropoietin and thrombopoietin. Scand J Haematol 21: 188.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. McDonald, T.P., and G.D. Kalmaz. 1983. Nephrectomy abolishes the increase in small acetylcholinesterase-positive immature rat megakaryocytes induced by acute thrombocytopenia. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 174: 131.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Gafter, U., H. Bessler, T. Malachi, D. Zevin, M. Djaldetti, and J. Levi. 1987. Platelet count and thrombopoietic activity in patients with chronic renal failure. Nephron 45: 207.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. McDonald, T.P. 1981. Annotation: assay and site of production of thrombopoietin. Br J Haematol 49: 493.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Pinto, M.R., M.A. King, G.D. Goss, W.R. Bezwoda, F. Fernandes-Costa, B. Mendelow, T.P. McDonald, E. Dowdle, and R. Bernstein. 1985. Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia with 3q inversion and elevated thrombopoietin (TSF): an autocrine role for TSF? Br J Haematol 61: 687.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Bernstein, R., A. Bagg, M. Pinto, D. Lewis, and B. Mendelow. 1986. Chromosome 3q21 abnormalities associated with hyperactive thrombopoiesis in acute blastic transformation of chronic myeloid leukemia. Blood 68: 652.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Spector, B. 1961. In vivo transfer of a thrombopoietic factor. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 108: 146.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. de Gabriele, G., and D.G. Penington. 1967. Regulation of platelet production: thrombopoietin. Br J Haematol 13: 210.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. McDonald, T.P. 1973. Bioassay for thrombopoietin utilizing mice in rebound-thrombocytosis. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 144: 1006.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. McDonald, T.P. 1976. A comparison of platelet size, platelet count, and platelet 35S incorporation as assays for thrombopoietin. Br J Haematol 34: 257.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Weintraub, A.H., and S. Karpatkin. 1974. Heterogeneity of rabbit platelets. II. Use of the megathrombocyte to demonstrate a thrombopoietic stimulus. J Lab Clin Med 83: 896.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Weiner, M., and S. Karpatkin. 1972. Use of the megathrombocyte to demonstrate thrombopoietin. Thrombos Diathes Haemorrh 28: 24.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. McDonald, T.P. 1973. The hemagglutination-inhibition assay for thrombopoietin. Blood 41: 219.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Kalmaz, G.D., and T.P. McDonald. 1982. Assay for thrombopoietin: a new, more sensitive method based on measurement of the small acetylcholinesterase-positive cell. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 170: 213.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. McDonald, T.P. 1977. Effects of different routes of administration and injection schedules of thrombopoietin on 35S incorporation into platelets of assay mice. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 155: 4.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. McDonald, T.P., R. Clift, and M. Cottrell. 1979. Assay for thrombopoietin: a comparison of time of isotope incorporation into platelets and the effects of different strains and sexes of mice. Exp Hematol 7: 289.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Clift, R., and T.P. McDonald. 1979. A comparison of 35S sodium sulfate and 75-selenomethionine as platelet labels for the assay of thrombopoietin. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 162: 380.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. McDonald, T.P. 1974. Immunological studies of thrombopoietin. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 147: 513.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. McDonald, T.P. 1978. Neutralizing antiserum to thrombopoietin. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 158: 557.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. McDonald, T.P., R. Clift, and M. Cottrell. 1986. Monoclonal antibodies to human urinary thrombopoietin. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 182: 151.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. McDonald, T.P., and R.K. Shadduck. 1982. Comparative effects of thrombopoietin and colony-stimulating factors. Exp Hematol 10: 544.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Elder, J.H., and S. Alexander. 1982. Endo-S-N-Acetylglucosaminidase F: Endoglycosidase from Flavobacterium meningosepticum that cleaves both high-mannose and complex glycoproteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79: 4540.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Allen, G. 1981. Sequencing of proteins and peptides. New York, Elsevier North Holland, p 62.

    Google Scholar 

  67. McDonald, T.P., M. Cottrell, R. Clift, and K. Lane. 1974. Purification and assay of thrombopoietin. Exp Hematol 2: 355.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Tayrien, G., and R.D. Rosenberg. 1987. Purification and properties of a megakaryocyte stimulatory factor present both in the serum- free conditioned medium of human embryonic kidney cells and in thrombocytopenic plasma. J Biol Chem 262: 3262.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Greenberg, S.M., D.J. Kuter, and R.D. Rosenberg. 1987. Stimulation of megakaryocyte maturation by megakaryocyte stimulatory factor. J Biol Chem 262: 3269.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1988 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

McDonald, T.P. (1988). Current Status of Thrombopoietin. In: Tavassoli, M., Zanjani, E.D., Ascensao, J.L., Abraham, N.G., Levine, A.S. (eds) Molecular Biology of Hemopoiesis. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 34. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5571-7_27

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5571-7_27

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-5573-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-5571-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics