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Blaustein's Pathology of the Female Genital Tract pp 1–63Cite as

Benign Diseases of the Endometrium

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Abstract

The endometrium and the myometrium are of mesodermal origin and are formed secondary to fusion of the müllerian (paramesonephric) ducts between the 8th and 9th postovulatory weeks. Likewise, the cervix is of müllerian origin. The squamous epithelial lining of the ectocervix and upper two-thirds of the vagina (müllerian vagina) are of vaginal müllerian origin, while the squamous epithelial lining of the lower third of the vagina (sinus vagina) develops from the urogenital sinus; the endocervical glandular epithelium has recently been shown to be of uterine müllerian origin (Fluhmann 1960; Fritsch et al. 2013). Until the 20th week of gestation, the endometrium consists of a single layer of columnar epithelium supported by a thick layer of fibroblastic stroma. After the 20th gestational week, the surface epithelium invaginates into the underlying stroma, forming glandular structures that extend toward the underlying myometrium. The uterus, which is made up of the uterine corpus and uterine cervix, measures approximately 4 cm in length at birth, and in newborns, the cervix makes up the majority of the uterus. At this stage, the endometrium measures less than 0.5 mm in thickness, and the surface and glands are lined by a low columnar to cuboidal epithelium devoid of either proliferative or secretory activity, which resembles the inactive endometrium of postmenopausal women.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

    Ricardo R. Lastra

  2. Department of Pathology, Royal Group of Hospitals Trust, Belfast, UK

    W. Glenn McCluggage

  3. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA

    Lora Hedrick Ellenson

Authors
  1. Ricardo R. Lastra
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  2. W. Glenn McCluggage
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  3. Lora Hedrick Ellenson
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ricardo R. Lastra .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Johns Hopkins University Dept. Gynecology, Obstetrics & Pathology, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Robert J. Kurman

  2. Dept. Urology, New York Presbyterian Hospital Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA

    Lora Hedrick Ellenson

  3. Johns Hopkins University Dept. Gynecology, Obstetrics & Pathology, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Brigitte M. Ronnett

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Lastra, R.R., McCluggage, W.G., Hedrick Ellenson, L. (2018). Benign Diseases of the Endometrium. In: Kurman, R., Hedrick Ellenson, L., Ronnett, B. (eds) Blaustein's Pathology of the Female Genital Tract. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3165-7_7-2

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