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Atmospheric Deposition Effects on Foliar Injury and Foliar Leaching in Red Spruce

  • Chapter
Ecology and Decline of Red Spruce in the Eastern United States

Part of the book series: Ecological Studies ((ECOLSTUD,volume 96))

Abstract

The initial contact that atmospheric deposition makes with the forest occurs in the canopies of the trees. Therefore, the foliage is a primary area to look for a response to acidic deposition and ozone. Two major foliar responses are cell and tissue injury and increased leaching of foliar constituents. Pollutants initially affect physiological processes and cell ultrastructure. There are no outward signs of stress, although the tree may be weakened and growth impaired. Ultimately, if the pollutant dosage is high enough, visible symptoms appear that are characteristic of a specific pollutant or mixture of pollutants. Severely injured needles eventually may be shed. Visible foliar symptoms are probably the most widely used bioindicators of a plant’s response to air pollution stress. They appear as discolorations (e.g., chlorosis) and necroses that occur in various sizes, shapes, patterns, and locations on the leaf. Unfortunately, no one pollutant produces a unique set of foliar symptoms that are distinct from those produced by other pollutants or stresses. Foliar injury may affect processes occurring in leaves such as photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration, and foliar leaching.

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Authors
  1. George A. Schier
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  2. Keith F. Jensen
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 640, Durham, NH, 03824, USA

    Christopher Eagar

  2. Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Timber and Watershed Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 404—Nursery Bottom, Parsons, WV, 26287, USA

    Mary Beth Adams

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Schier, G.A., Jensen, K.F. (1992). Atmospheric Deposition Effects on Foliar Injury and Foliar Leaching in Red Spruce. In: Eagar, C., Adams, M.B. (eds) Ecology and Decline of Red Spruce in the Eastern United States. Ecological Studies, vol 96. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2906-3_7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2906-3_7

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