Abstract
“If the Bourbons return,” Bertrand Lhodiesnière warned his fellow Normans in 1814, “you will have to pay tithes and feudal dues again, and after dark, they will make you keep the frogs quiet so that milord and milady can get a good night’s sleep.”1 Lhodiesnière enjoyed considerable local status. He had been a Girondin deputy in the Convention, survived the Terror, and through the purchase of biens nationaux had become a substantial landowner in the Orne department. And yet, in spite of his obvious hostility to the Church and aristocracy, he was apparently no friend of Napoleon Bonaparte. As a defiant deputy in the Council of 500, on 19 Brumaire Year 8, he had been one of the last representatives of the people to be thrust out of the window of the chamber when Bonaparte’s troops seized power. Now, in 1814, he had suddenly become a supporter of the Napoleonic régime.
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Notes
Jacqueline Chaumié, “Les Girondins et les Cent Jours”, AhRf 205, 1971, 355.
G. Lefebvre, Napoléon (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1966), p.539.
Yves-Marie Bercé (ed.), La Fin de l’Europe napoléonienne, 1814: la vacance du pouvoir (Paris: Veyrier, 1990).
J.M. Thompson, Napoleon Bonaparte (Oxford: Blackwell, 1988), p.359–60.
There may also have been another suicide attempt on 8 April — J. Tulard, Napoleon: The Myth of the Saviour (London: Methuen, 1985), p.325.
M. Reinhard, Le Grand Carnot vol.2 (Paris: Hachette, 1952), p.298.
M. Albert, La Première Restauration dans la Haute-Garonne (Paris, 1932).
Cited by Henry Houssaye, 1815 — Les Cent Jours (Paris, 1901), chapter 19.
Martyn Lyons, Révolution et Terreur à Toulouse (Toulouse: Privat, 1980),p.258.
H. Houssaye, 1815 — Waterloo (London: Black, 1900), pp.42–8.
R.S. Alexander, Bonapartism and the Revolutionary Tradition in France: The Fédérés of 1815 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991), pp.13, 93.
G. Lewis, The Second Vendée (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1978), p. 178.
K.D. Tonnesson, “Les fédérés de Paris pendant les Cent Jours”, AhRf no.249, 1982, p.395.
Paul Bastid, Benjamin Constant et sa doctrine, vol.1 (Paris: Armand Colin, 1966), p.280.
Frédéric Bluche, Le Plébiscite des Cent Jours, avril-mai 1815 (Geneva: Droz, 1974), pp.4–8
G. Bertier de Sauvigny, The Bourbon Restoration, trans. L. Case (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1967).
S. Woolf, “L’Italie en 1814”, in Y.-M. Bercé, La Fin de l’europe napoléonienne, 1814: La vacance de pouvoir (Paris: Veyrier, 1990), p.240.
Bernard Ménager, Les Napoléon du Peuple (Paris: Aubier, 1988), pp.20–3.
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© 1994 Martyn Lyons
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Lyons, M. (1994). Débâcle and Resurrection, 1813–15: Napoleon the Liberal. In: Napoleon Bonaparte and the Legacy of the French Revolution. European Studies. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23436-3_19
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