Abstract
Farmworker mental health research is sparse, particularly in the eastern United States. Nevertheless, available evidence suggests that 20–50% of farmworkers have poor mental health as indicated by elevated symptoms of depression or anxiety, frequent heavy alcohol consumption, or recent experiences of lay-defined illnesses like susto or nervios. Farmworkers’ poor mental health likely results from a variety of structural and social factors, including the absence of fixed-term permanent employment, poverty-level wages, separation from family and community for extended periods of time, and hostile attitudes toward immigrants. The challenge of poor mental health is exaggerated by the relative absence of mental health services for farmworkers and farmworker advocates’ inability to initiate and sustain policy changes to better protect and treat mental health. Collectively, the available evidence suggests that farmworker mental health is a multifaceted social justice issue, especially in the eastern US.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Alaniz ML (1994) Mexican farmworker women’s perspectives on drinking in a migrant community. Int J Addict 29:1173–1188
Alderete E, Vega WA, Kolody B (1999) Depressive symptomatology: prevalence and psychosocial risk factors among Mexican migrant farmworkers in California. J Community Psychol 27:457–471
Alderete E, Vega WA, Kolody B (2000) Lifetime prevalence of and risk factors for psychiatric disorders among Mexican migrant farmworkers in California. Am J Public Health 90:608–614
Alegria M, Mulvaney-Day N, Torres M (2007) Prevalence of psychiatric disorders across Latino subgroups in the United States. Am J Public Health 97:68–75
Alvidrez J, Azocar F (1999) Distressed women’s clinic patients: preferences for mental health treatments and perceived obstacles. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 21:340–347
Applewhite SL (1995) Curanderismo: demystifying the health beliefs and practices of elderly Mexican Americans. Health Soc Work 20:247–253
Arcury TA, Quandt SA (2007) Delivery of health services to migrant and seasonal farmworkers. Annu Rev Public Health 28:345–363
Aviera A (1996) “Dichos” therapy group: a therapeutic use of Spanish language proverbs with hospitalized Spanish-speaking psychiatric patients. Cult Divers Ment Health 2:73–87
Baer RD, Penzell D (1993) Research report: susto and pesticide poisoning among Florida farmworkers. Cult Med Psychiatry 17:321–327
Baer RD, Clark L, Peterson C (1998) Folk illnesses. In: Love S (ed) Handbook of Immigrant Health. Plenum Press, New York
Baer RD, Weller SC, de Alba Garcia JG (2003) A cross-cultural approach to the study of the folk illness nervios. Cul Med Psychiatry 27:315–337
Beseler C, Stallones L (2003) Safety practices, neurological symptoms, and pesticide poisoning. J Occup Environ Med 45:1079–1086
Bohan S (2006) Mental health without bias: experts seek better treatment for ethnic and racial minorities. In: Inside Bay Area. http://www.insidebayarea.com/
Cabassa LJ, Zayas LH (2007) Latino immigrants’ intentions to seek depression care. Am J Orthopsychiatry 77:231–242
Cabassa LJ, Zayas LH, Hansen MC (2006) Latino adults’ access to mental health care: a review of epidemiological studies. Adm Policy Ment Health 33:316–330
Cantor-Graae E, Selten JP (2005) Schizophrenia and migration: a meta-analysis and review. Am J Psychiatry 162:12–24
Carroll D, Samardick RM, Bernard S et al. (2005) Findings from the National Agricultural Workers Survey (NAWS) 2001–2002: a Demographic and Employment Profile of United States Farm Workers. US Department of Labor. http://www.doleta.gov/agworker/report9/naws_rpt9.pdf
Chavez LR (1992) Shadowed Lives: Undocumented Immigrants in American Society. Harcourt Brace, Fort Worth
Chi PSK, McClain J (1992) Drinking, farm and camp life: a study of drinking behavior in migrant camps in New York State. J Rural Health 8:41–51
Crandall CS, Fullerton L, Olson L (1997) Farm-related injury mortality in New Mexico, 1980–91. Accid Anal Prev 29:257–261
de Leon Siantz ML (1994) The Mexican-American migrant farmworker family: mental health issues. Nurs Clin North Am 29:65–72
Escobar JI, Vega WA (2000) Mental health and immigration’s AAAs: where are we and where do we go from here. J Nerv Ment Dis 188:736–740
Escobar JI, Hoyos Nervi C, Gara MA (2000) Immigration and mental health: Mexican Americans in the United States. Harv Rev Psychiatry 8:64–72
Evans GW (2003) The built environment and mental health. J Urban Health 80:536–555
Frank AL, McKnight R, Kirkhorn SR (2004) Issues of agricultural safety and health. Annu Rev Public Health 25:225–245
Gabbard S (2006) Emerging trends in farmworker demographics: results from the National Agricultural Workers’ Survey. Presentation at the NACHC National Farmworker Health Conference (May). San Antonio, TX
Garcia-Toro M, Aguirre I (2007) Biopsychosocial model in depression revisited. Med Hypotheses 68:683–691
Gilbody S, Lewis S, Lightfoot T (2007) Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) genetic polymorphisms and psychiatric disorders: a HuGE review. Am J Epidemiol 165:1–13
Glascock N (2000) Rally divides Silar City. In: The News & Observer. http://www.unc.edu/~hispana/nc05.html
Grant BF, Stinson FS, Hasin DS (2004) Immigration and lifetime prevalence of DSM-IV psychiatric disorders among Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites in the United States: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Arch Gen Psychiatry 61:1226–1233
Grzywacz JG, Quandt SA, Arcury TA (2005) The work-family challenge and mental health: experiences of Mexican immigrants. Community Work Fam 8:271–279
Grzywacz JG, Quandt SA, Early J (2006) Leaving family for work: ambivalence and mental health among Mexican migrant farmworker men. J Immigr Minor Health 8:85–97
Grzywacz JG, Quandt SA, Isom S (2007) Alcohol use among immigrant Latino farmworkers in North Carolina. Am J Ind Med 50:617–625
Grzywacz JG, Quandt SA, Arcury TA (2008) Immigrant farmworkers’ health-related quality of life: an application of the job demands-control model. J Agric Saf Health 14:79–92
Grzywacz JG, Alterman T, Muntaner C et al. (2008) Measuring job characteristics and mental health among Latino farmworkers: results of cognitive testing. J Immigr Minor Health. Epubahead of print, August 9, 2008
Guarnaccia PJ, Lewis-Fernandez R, Marano MR (2003) Toward a Puerto Rican popular nosology: nervios and ataques de nervios. Cult Med Psychiatry 27:339–366
Hansen E, Donohoe M (2003) Health issues of migrant and seasonal farmworkers. J Health Care Poor Underserved 14:153–164
Hiott A, Grzywacz JG, Arcury TA (2006) Gender differences in anxiety and depression among immigrant Latinos. Fam Syst Health 24:137–146
Hiott AE, Grzywacz JG, Davis SW (2008) Migrant farmworker stress: mental health implications. J Rural Health 24:32–39
Hovey JD, Magaña C (2000) Acculturative stress, anxiety, and depression among Mexican immigrant farmworkers in the midwest United States. J Immigr Health 2:119–131
Hovey JD, Magaña CG (2002a) Psychosocial predictors of anxiety among immigrant Mexican migrant farmworkers: implications for prevention and treatment. Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol 8:274–289
Hovey JD, Magaña CG (2002b) Exploring the mental health of Mexican migrant farm workers in the Midwest: psychosocial predictors of psychological distress and suggestions for prevention and treatment. J Psychol 136:493–513
Hovey JD, Magaña CG (2003) Suicide risk factors among Mexican migrant farmworker women in the midwest United States. Arch Suicide Res 7:107–121
Hovey JD, Seligman LD (2005) The mental health of agricultural workers. In: Lessenger JE (ed) Agricultural Medicine: A Practical Guide. Springer-Verlag, New York
Karasek R, Theorell T (1990) Healthy Work: Stress, Productivity, and the Reconstruction of Working Life. Basic Books, New York
Kessler RC, Ustün TB (2004) The World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative version of the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 13:93–121
Kessler RC, Andrews G, Colpe LJ (2002) Short screening scales to monitor population prevalences and trends in non-specific psychological distress. Psychol Med 32:959–976
Keyes CLM (2002) The mental health continuum: from languishing to flourishing in life. J Health Soc Behav 43:207–222
Lackey GF (2008) “Feeling blue” in Spanish: a qualitative inquiry of depression among Mexican immigrants. Soc Sci Med 67:228–237
Lerner DJ, Levine S, Malspeis S (1994) Job strain and health-related quality of life in a national sample. Am J Public Health 84:1580–1585
London L, Flisher AJ, Wesseling C (2005) Suicide and exposure to organophosphate insecticides: cause or effect. Am J Ind Med 47:308–321
Lopez SR, Guarnaccia PJ (2000) Cultural psychopathology: uncovering the social world of mental illness. Annu Rev Psychol 51:571–598
Mainous AG, Cheng AY, Garr RC (2005) Nonprescribed antimicrobial drugs in Latino community, South Carolina. Emerg Infect Dis 11:883–888
Malgady RG, Rogler LH, Costantino G (1987) Ethnocultural and linguistic bias in mental health evaluation of Hispanics. Am Psychol 42:228–234
Martens MFJ, Nijhuis FJN, Van Boxtel MPJ (1999) Flexible work schedules and mental and physical health. A study of a working population with non-traditional working hours. J Organ Behav 20:35–46
McCurdy SA, Samuels SJ, Carroll DJ (2003) Agricultural injury in California migrant Hispanic farm workers. Am J Ind Med 44:225–235
Mines R, Mullenax N, Saca L (2001) The binational farmworker health survey. California Institute for Rural Studies, Davis. http://www.cirsinc.org/Documents/Pub1001.2.pdf
Monroe SM, Harkness KL (2005) Life stress, the “kindling” hypothesis, and the recurrence of depression: considerations from a life stress perspective. Psychol Rev 112:417–445
Muntaner C, Eaton WW, Miech R (2004) Socioeconomic position and major mental disorders. Epidemiol Rev 26:53–62
Pinquart M, Sorensen S (2003) Differences between caregivers and noncaregivers in psychological health and physical health: a meta-analysis. Psychol Aging 18:250–267
Quandt SA, Arcury TA, Early J (2004) Household food security among migrant and seasonal Latino farmworkers in North Carolina. Public Health Rep 119:568–576
Rogler LH, Malgady RG, Costantino G (1987) What do culturally sensitive mental health services mean? The case of Hispanics. Am Psychol 42:565–570
Rosado JW, Elias MJ (1993) Ecological and psychocultural mediators in the delivery of services for urban, culturally diverse Hispanic clients. Prof Psychol Res Pr 24:450–459
Rubel AJ, O’Nell CW, Collado-Ardon R (1984) Susto, a Folk Illness. University of California Press, Berkley
Stansfeld S, Candy B (2006) Psychosocial work environment and mental health: a meta-analytic review. Scand J Work Environ Health 32:443–462
Trotter RT (1985) Mexican-American experience with alcohol: South Texas examples. In: Bennett LA, Ames GM (eds) The American Experience with Alcohol: Contrasting Cultural Perspectives. Plenum Press, New York
US Department of Health and Human Services (1999) Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General. Office of the Surgeon General, SAMHSA. http://mentalhealth.samhsa.gov/cmhs/surgeongeneral/surgeongeneralrpt.asp
Vega W, Warheit G, Palacio R (1985a) Psychiatric symptomatology among Mexican American farmworkers. Soc Sci Med 20:39–45
Vega WA, Scutchfield FD, Karno M (1985b) The mental health needs of Mexican-American agricultural workers. Am J Prev Med 1:47–55
Vega WA, Kolody B, Aguilar-Gaxiola S (1999) Gaps in service utilization by Mexican Americans with mental health problems. Am J Psychiatry 156:928–934
Vega WA, Sribney WM, Aguilar-Gaxiola S (2004) 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders among Mexican Americans: nativity, social assimilation, and age determinants. J Nerv Ment Dis 192:532–541
Vega WA, Karno M, Alegria M (2007) Research issues for improving treatment of U.S. Hispanics with persistent mental disorders. Psychiatr Serv 58:385–394
Villarejo D (2003) The health of U.S. hired farm workers. Annu Rev Public Health 24:175–193
Virtanen M, Kivimaki M, Elovainio M (2003) From insecure to secure employment: changes in work, health, health related behaviours, and sickness absence. Occup Environ Med 60:948–953
Weigel MM, Armijos RX, Hall YP (2007) The household food insecurity and health outcomes of U.S.-Mexico border migrant and seasonal farmworkers. J Immigr Minor Health 9:157–169
Weller SC, Baer RD, de Alba Garcia JG (2002) Regional variation in Latino descriptions of susto. Cult Med Psychiatry 26:449–472
Work DR (2005) Tiendas and contraband pharmaceuticals. North Carolina Medical Board Forum 10:16
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Grzywacz, J.G. (2009). Mental Health Among Farmworkers in the Eastern United States. In: Quandt, ., Arcury, T. (eds) Latino Farmworkers in the Eastern United States. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-88347-2_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-88347-2_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-88346-5
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-88347-2
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)