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Sourcebook of Paleolithic Transitions pp 341–359Cite as

The Transitional Aurignacian and the Middle-Upper Palaeolithic Transition Model in Cantabrian Iberia

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Abstract

After reviewing the evidence from the past 25 years of excavation at Cueva El Castillo and re-examining sites such as Cueva Morín in Cantabrian Spain, we conclude that the long-held model of invasion by outsiders, specifically, anatomically modern humans, proposed for the introduction of the Upper Palaeolithic in Europe is no longer viable.

Characteristic elements of the Aurignacian appear in the new excavations of the Mousterian at El Castillo, and continue their development throughout the Aurignacian at the site, thus confirming a local transition to the Upper Palaeolithic in the Cantabrian region. It is hypothesized here that the Aurignacian has local origins all across Europe. We propose that the several transitional industries in which characteristic Aurignacian and other Upper Paleolithic features appear in a number of places between 40 and 35 ka reflect the widening of communication and contact networks by indigenous populations, which led to the homogenization of the Aurignacian into the first pan-European culture by around 35 ka. Rather than a great eastern invasion of AMH, bearers of a more sophisticated technology that allowed them to outcompete indigenous peoples, a more parsimonious scenario is proposed. We argue that the indigenous populations, those best acquainted with local fluctuations in resources and landscape, reacted to the influx of newcomers by consolidating deeply-rooted, widespread networks of communication and technological know-how.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The highest figure for a northern Spanish Mousterian collection relates to Morín lower 17 at around 20%; this was seen as surprising and exceptional in its day (Freeman 1973).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Estudios Clásicos, Universidad de Leon, Leon, Spain

    Federico Bernaldo de Quirós

  2. Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain

    José Manuel Maíllo-Fernández

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  1. Federico Bernaldo de Quirós
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  2. José Manuel Maíllo-Fernández
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Correspondence to Federico Bernaldo de Quirós .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. Anthropology, George Washington University, G Street NW., 2110, Washington, 20052, U.S.A.

    Marta Camps

  2. CRAFT Stone Age Institute, Indiana University, W. Dittemore Road 1392, Gosport, 47433-9531, U.S.A.

    Parth Chauhan

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de Quirós, F.B., Maíllo-Fernández, J.M. (2009). The Transitional Aurignacian and the Middle-Upper Palaeolithic Transition Model in Cantabrian Iberia. In: Camps, M., Chauhan, P. (eds) Sourcebook of Paleolithic Transitions. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-76487-0_23

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