The genetic linkage map of the baboon (Papio hamadryas s.l.) genome was the first linkage map developed for any nonhuman primate (Rogers et al., 2000). It has proven to be a valuable resource for numerous genetic studies using this species. The linkage map enables detailed analysis of locus order and recombination distances within baboon chromosomes, and hence provides the best information to date for studies that compare chromosome structure in baboons to that of other species. A number of investigators have used the baboon linkage map to locate, within specific chromosomal regions, functionally significant genes (quantitative trait loci, or QTLs) that influence phenotypic variation related to human disease. The success over the past several years in mapping QTLs in baboons suggests that this approach to the genetic analysis of complex phenotypes will continue to provide meaningful results. In this chapter we review the initial construction of the linkage map, the types of genetic polymorphisms used, and some of the results obtained. We also present our perspective concerning future directions in linkage analysis using baboons and other nonhuman primates.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Cambefort, Y., Mounie, C., Colombies, P., and Moro, F. (1976). [Topography of chromosome banding in Papio papio.] Ann. Genet. 19:5–9.
Comuzzie, A. G., Martin, L. J., Cole, S. A., Rogers, J., Mahaney, M. C., Blangero, J., and VandeBerg, J. L. (2001). A quantitative trait locus for fat free mass in baboons localizes to a region homologous to human chromosome 6. Obes. Res. 9(Suppl):71S.
Cox, L. A., Mahaney, M. C., VandeBerg, J. L., and Rogers, J. (2006). A second generation genetic linkage map of the baboon (Papio hamadryas) genome. Genomics 80:274–281.
Creau-Goldberg, N., Cochet, C., Turleau, C., and de Gouchy, J. (1981). Comparative gene mapping of man and Cebus capuchinus: A study of 23 enzymatic markers. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 31:228–239.
Creau-Goldberg, N., Turleau, C., Cochet, C., and de Gouchy, J. (1982). Comparative gene mapping of the baboon (Papio papio) and man. Ann. Genet. 25:14–18.
Deka, R., Shriver, M. D., Yu, L. M., Jin, L., Aston, C. E., Chakraborty, R., and Ferrell, R. E. (1994). Conservation of human chromosome 13 polymorphic microsatellite (CA)n repeats in chimpanzees. Genomics 22:226–230.
DeSimone, J., Linde, M., and Tashian, R. E. (1973). Evidence for linkage of carbonic anhydrase isozyme genes in the pig-tailed macaque, Macaca nemestrina. Nat. New Biol. 242: 55–56.
Dorf, M. E., Balner, H., and Benacerraf, B. (1975). Mapping of the immune response genes in the major histocompatibility complex of the Rhesus monkey. J. Exp. Med. 142:673–693.
Dutrillaux, B., Biemont, M.C., Viegas-Pequignot, E., and Laurent, C. (1979). Comparison of the karyotypes of four Cercopithecoidea: Papio papio, P. anubis, Macaca mulatta and M. fascicularis. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 23:77–83.
Ferrell, R. E., Majumder, P. P., and Smith, D. G. (1985). A linkage study of protein-coding loci in Macaca mulatta and Macaca fascicularis. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 68:315–320.
Finaz, C., Cochet, C., and de Grouchy, J. (1978). [Identity of the karyotypes of Papio papio and Macaca mulatta in R, G, C and Ag-NOR banding.] Ann. Genet. 21:149–151.
Hackleman, S. M., Kammerer, C. M., Manis, S., Scheffler, J., Dyke, B., and Stone, W. H. (1993). Linkage between two blood-group markers in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 62:56–57.
Havill, L. M., Mahaney, M. C., Cox, L. A., Morin, P. A., Joslyn, G., and Rogers, J. (2005). A quantitative trait locus for normal variation in forearm bone mineral density in pedigreed baboons maps to the ortholog of human chromosome 11q. J. Clin. Endo. Metabol. 90:3638–3645.
Inoue, M., and Takenaka, O. (1993). Japanese macaque microsatellite PCR primers for paternity testing. Primates 34:37–45.
Kammerer, C. M., Hixson, J. E., Aivaliotis, M. J., Porter, P. A., and VandeBerg, J. L. (1992). Linkage heterogeneity between the C3 and LDLR and the APOA4 and APOA1 loci in baboons. Genomics 14:43–48.
Kammerer, C. M., Cox, L. A., Mahaney, M. C., Rogers, J., and Shade, R. E. (2001). Sodium-lithium countertransport activity in linked to chromosome 5 in baboons. Hypertension 37: 398–402.
Kammerer, C. M., Rainwater, D. L., Cox, L. A., Schneider, J. L., Mahaney, M. C., Rogers, J., and VandeBerg, J. L. (2002). Locus controlling LDL cholesterol response to dietary cholesterol is on the baboon homologue of human chromosome 6. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 22: 1720–1725.
Kayser, M., Nurnberg, P., Berkovitch, F., Nagy, M., and Roewer, L. (1995). Increased microsatellite variability in Macaca mulatta compared to humans due to a large scale deletion/insertion event during primate evolution. Electrophoresis 16:1607–1611.
Litt, M., and Luty, J. A. (1989). A hypervariable microsatellite revealed by in vitro amplification of a dinucleotide repeat within the cardiac muscle actin gene. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 44:397–401.
Ma, N. S. (1984). Confirmed assignments of 15 structural gene loci to chromosomes of four owl monkey karyotypes. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 38:248–256.
Mahaney, M. C., Rainwater, D. L., VandeBerg, J. L., Cox, L., Rogers, J., Blangero, J., and Hixson, J. E. (1999). A quantitative trait locus for an HDL subfraction response to diet in pedigreed baboons: Suggestive evidence for linkage to human chromosome 18q. Circulation 100(Suppl I):4–5.
Martin, L. J., Blangero, J., Rogers, J., Mahaney, M. C., Hixson, J. E., Carey, K. D., and Comuzzie, A. G. (2001a). A quantitative trait locus influencing activin to estrogen ratio in pedigreed baboons maps to a region homologous to human chromosome 19. Hum. Biol. 73:787–800.
Martin, L. J., Blangero, J., Rogers, J., Mahaney, M. C., Hixson, J. E., Carey, K. D., Morin, P. A., and Comuzzie, A. G. (2001b). A quantitative trait locus influencing estrogen levels maps to a region homologous to human chromosome 20. Physiol. Genomics 5:75–80.
Maurer, B. A., Siwarski, D. F., and Neefe, J. R. (1979). Definition of two LD antigens in rhesus monkeys. Tissue Antigens 13:81–90.
Morin, P. A., and Woodruff, D. S. (1992). Paternity exclusion using multiple hypervariable microsatellite loci amplified from nuclear DNA of hair cells. In: Martin, R. D., Dixson, A. F., and Wickings, E. J. (eds.), Paternity in Primates: Genetic Tests and Theories. Karger, Basel, pp. 63–81.
Morin, P. A., Mahboubi, P., Wedel, S., and Rogers, J. (1998). Rapid screening and comparison of human microsatellite markers in baboons: Allele size is conserved, but allele number is not. Genomics 53:12–20.
Perelygin, A. A., Kammerer, C. M., Stowell, N. C., and Rogers, J. (1996). Conservation of human chromosome 18 in baboons (Papio hamadryas): A linkage map of eight human microsatellites. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 75:207–209.
Rainwater, D. L., Kammerer, C. M., Mahaney, M. C., Rogers, J., Cox, L. A., Schneider, J. L., and VandeBerg, J. L. (2003). Localization of genes that control LDL size fractions in baboons. Atherosclerosis 168:15–22.
Rogers, J. (2000). Molecular genetic variation and population structure in Papio baboons. In: Whitehead, P. F. and Jolly, C. J. (eds.), Old World Monkeys. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 57–76.
Rogers, J., and Kidd, K. K. (1993). Nuclear DNA polymorphisms in a wild population of yellow baboons (Papio hamadryas cynocephalus) from Mikumi National Park, Tanzania. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 90:477–486.
Rogers, J., Witte, S. M., Kammerer, C. M., Hixson, J. E., and MacCluer, J. W. (1995). Linkage mapping in Papio baboons: Conservation of a synthetic group of six markers on human chromosome 1. Genomics 28:251–254.
Rogers, J., Mahaney, M. C., Witte, S. M., Nair, S., Newman, D., Wedel, S., Rodriguez, L. A., Rice, K. S., Slifer, S. H., Perelygin, A., Slifer, M., Palladino-Negro, P., Newman, T., Chambers, K., Joslyn, G., Parry, P., and Morin, P. A. (2000). A genetic linkage map of the baboon (Papio hamadryas) genome based on human microsatellite polymorphisms. Genomics 67:237–247.
Tejero, M. E., Cole, S. A., Cai, G., Peebles, K. W., Freeland-Graves, J. H., Cox, L. A., Mahaney, M. C., Rogers, J., VandeBerg, J. L., Blangero, J., and Comuzzie, A. G. (2005). Genome-wide scan of resistin mRNA expression in omental adipose tissue of baboons. Int. J. Obes. (Lond.) 29:406–412.
Thiessen, K. M., and Lalley, P. A. (1986). New gene assignments and syntenic groups in the baboon (Papio papio). Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 42:19–23.
VandeBerg, J. L. (1992). Biochemical markers and restriction fragment length polymorphisms in baboons: Their power for paternity exclusion. In: Martin, R. D., Dixson, A. F., and Wickings, E. J. (eds.), Paternity in Primates: Genetic Tests and Theories. Karger, Basel, pp. 18–31.
VandeBerg, J. L., Weitkamp, L., Kammerer, C. M., Weill, P., Aivaliotis, M. J., and Rainwater, D. L. (1991). Linkage of plasminogen (PLG) and apolipoprotein(a) (LPA) in baboons. Genomics 11:925–930.
van Oorschot, R. A. H., and VandeBerg, J. L. (1991). Tight linkage between MPI and NP in baboons. Genomics 9:783–785.
Weber, J. L., and May, P. E. (1989). Abundant class of human DNA polymorphisms which can be typed using the polymerase chain reaction. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 44:388–396.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Rogers, J., Mahaney, M.C., Cox, L.A. (2009). The Development and Status of the Baboon Genetic Linkage Map. In: VandeBerg, J.L., Williams-Blangero, S., Tardif, S.D. (eds) The Baboon in Biomedical Research. Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-75991-3_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-75991-3_1
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-75990-6
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-75991-3
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)