Abstract
Programming by Demonstration, or PBD, is an exciting and developing branch of HCI research. With PBD techniques, end-users can add functionality to their environments without programming in the conventional sense. Virtually all research into PBD, however, presumes that the event history is a linear sequence of user actions. This paper challenges that notion by introducing Hierarchical Event Histories, a new approach which represents some of the end-user's task structure directly in the event history. PBD systems can then take advantage of this structure to operate more correctly and in more situations. To assist programmers in generating structured histories, we also present Hieractors, a new model that provides a simple and clear syntax for describing arbitrary, high-level application behaviors.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Apple Computer, Inc. Inside Macintosh Volume VI. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1991.
Stuart K. Card, Thomas P. Moran, and Allen Newell. The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, 1983.
Allen Cypher. Eager: Programming repetative tasks by example. In Human Factors in Computing Systems, pages 33–40, New Orleans, April 1991. ACM SIGCHI.
Allen Cypher, editor. Watch What I Do: Programming by Demonstration. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1993.
Allen Cypher, David S. Kosbie, and David Maulsby. Characterizing PBD systems. In Allen Cypher, editor, Watch What I Do: Programming by Demonstration, pages 467–484. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1993.
James Foley, Won Chul Kim, Srdjan Kovacevic, and Kevin Murray. Defining interfaces at a high level of abstraction. IEEE Software, 6(1):25–32, January 1989.
Mark Green. A survey of three dialog models. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 5(3):244–275, July 1986.
Daniel C. Halbert. SmallStar: Programming by demonstration in the desktop metaphor. In Allen Cypher, editor, Watch What I Do: Programming by Demonstration, pages 103–124. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1993.
H. Rex Hartson, Antonio C. Siochi, and Deborah Hix. The UAN: A user-oriented representation for direct manipulation interface designs. ACM Transactions on Information Systems, 8(3):181–203, July 1990.
Heinz Ulrich Hoppe. A grammar-based approach to unifying task-oriented and system-oriented interface descriptions. In D. Ackermann and M.J. Tauber, editors, Mental Models and Human-Computer Interaction 1, pages 353–374. North-Holland, New York, 1990.
Robert J.K. Jacob. A specification language for direct manipulation interfaces. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 5(4):283–317, October 1986.
Dan R. Olsen Jr. Mike: The menu interaction kontrol environment. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 5(4):318–344, October 1986.
David S. Kosbie. Hierarchical event histories. PhD thesis. In preparation, 1994.
David S. Kosbie and Brad A. Myers. PBD invocation techniques: A review and proposal. In Allen Cypher, editor, Watch What I Do: Programming by Demonstration, pages 423–432. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1993.
David Kurlander and Steven Feiner. Editable graphical histories. In Workshop on Visual Languages, pages 127–134, Pittsburgh, October 1988. IEEE.
Henry Lieberman. Tinker: A programming by demonstration system for beginning programmers. In Allen Cypher, editor, Watch What I Do: Programming by Demonstration, pages 49–66. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1993.
David Maulsby. Instructible Agents. PhD thesis, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 1994. PhD thesis.
Brad A. Myers. Creating User Interfaces by Demonstration. Academic Press, Boston, 1988.
Brad A. Myers. A new model for handling input. ACM Transactions on Information Systems, 8(3):289–320, July 1990.
Brad A. Myers et al. Garnet: Comprehensive support for graphical, highly-interactive user interfaces. IEEE Computer, 23(11):71–85, November 1990.
Franz Sciele and Thomas Green. HCI formalisms and cognitive psychology: The case of task-action grammar. In Michael Harrison and Harold Thimbleby, editors, Formal Methods in Human-Computer Interaction, pages 9–62. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1990.
Pedro Szekely, Ping Luo, and Robert Neches. Facilitating the exploration of interface design alternatives: The Humanoid model of interface design. In Human Factors in Computing Systems, pages 507–515, Monterrey, CA, May 1992. ACM SIGCHI.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1994 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Kosbie, D.S., Myers, B.A. (1994). Extending programming by demonstration with hierarchical event histories. In: Blumenthal, B., Gornostaev, J., Unger, C. (eds) Human-Computer Interaction. EWHCI 1994. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 876. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-58648-2_32
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-58648-2_32
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-58648-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-49036-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive