Abstract
CT-guided percutaneous biopsies are performed in patients with a known primary tumor in order to rule out metastatic malignancy, to establish the final diagnosis, or to differentiate between tumor necrosis and potential vital tumor tissue in residual lesions after therapy. CT-guided aspiration, punch, and drill biopsy may be performed in essentially every organ system and location, and overall complication rates are low. Fine-needle aspiration (needle diameter 20–25 gauge) biopsy requires availability of an on-site cytopathologist, while transgression of bowels is usually possible without an increased infection rate. In comparison, punch biopsy (needle diameter 12–19 gauge) – especially if performed with a Tru-Cut needle and an automated biopsy gun – facilitates quick histopathological sampling with comparably low complication rates. For biopsy of musculoskeletal structures, CT provides an excellent visualization of bone with the exception of some bone marrow lesions only detectable in MR imaging. Given an experienced operator using repeated single-shot CT-fluoroscopic acquisitions for needle positioning, in comparison to sequential CT guidance, CTF can markedly reduce both the in-room time and radiation dose for the patient.
Improved availability and imaging quality of computed tomography (CT), modified techniques of percutaneous drainage, and more effective antibiotic regimens have made CT-guided drainage a common means for percutaneous therapy of abscesses and abnormal fluid collections, representing a dramatic improvement of patient care during the last 30 years. Primary and postoperative fluid collections in nearly every organ system and multiple locations can now be safely treated percutaneously. This includes a wide variety of abdominal fluid collections not easily accessible by ultrasound like pancreatic, enteric, splenic, deep pelvic, and subdiaphragmatic abscesses and hematomas, as well as lung and mediastinal abscesses and loculated pleural empyemas. In a collective of severely ill patients, the instant postoperative detection and consecutive therapy of abscesses under CT guidance have resulted in reduced morbidity and mortality and have helped to reduce length of hospital stay and hospital costs.
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de Figueiredo, G.N., Trumm, C.G. (2017). CT-Guided Biopsy and Drainage. In: Nikolaou, K., Bamberg, F., Laghi, A., Rubin, G.D. (eds) Multislice CT. Medical Radiology(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/174_2017_20
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