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Photosynthesis, Carbohydrate Metabolism and Respiration in Leaves of Higher Plants

  • Chapter
Photosynthesis

Part of the book series: Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration ((AIPH,volume 9))

Summary

The relationships between photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism and respiration in leaves of C3 plants are reviewed. We first provide an overview of how mitochondrial respiration relies on, and responds to, the supply of photosynthetic products in the light. The pathways by which the various substrates (glycine, oxaloacetate, malate and/or pyruvate) enter the mitochondria and are oxidized, are discussed. We also provide an overview of the pathways of mitochondrial electron transport, with particular attention being paid to the non-phosphorylating alternative oxidase (AOX). We then discuss what is known about leaf respiration rates in light versus darkness (both O2 consumption and CO2 release). The extent to which mitochondrial O2 consumption continues in the light is highly variable, being inhibited, not affected or even stimulated in various reports. On the other hand, non-photorespiratory mitochondrial CO2 release (R) is invariably inhibited by light (5–80% inhibition). R is sensitive to the lowest irradiance values, and is inhibited rapidly. Three methods via which R in the light is measured are outlined and mechanisms via which light might inhibit R are discussed. The effect that light to dark transitions have on respiration are also discussed: we distinguish the initial, photorespiratory post-illumination burst (PIB) from the post-illumination rise in respiration (LEDR, light-enhanced-dark-respiration) which occurs following the PIB. The chapter also considers the demand for mitochondrially-derived ATP for photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism and the potential role of respiration during over-reduction of the chloroplast is highlighted. Mitochondrial respiration appears to be critical for the provision of ATP necessary for energy demanding processes in the light. Moreover, there is growing evidence that respiration helps a plant cope with excess photosynthetic redox equivalents, which otherwise can result in photo-oxidative stress.

Finally, the interactions between nitrogen metabolism, respiration and photosynthesis are also reviewed. Respiration provides the redox equivalents and carbon skeletons necessary for nitrogen assimilation in the light. The inhibitory effect that intermediary nitrogen oxides (NOx produced during light to dark transitions) have on mitochondrial electron transport via the cytochrome pathway is discussed.

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Abbreviations

AOX:

alternative oxidase

ci:

internal CO2 concentration

CI:

complex I

CII:

complex II (succinate dehydrogenase)

CIII:

complex III (cytochrome b/c1 complex)

CIV:

(cytochrome oxidase)

CV:

complex V (ATP synthase)

Cyt:

cytochrome

DHAP:

dihydroacetone 3-phosphate

F16BP:

fructose 1,6 bisphosphate

GDC:

glycine decarboxylase

GDH:

glutamate dehydrogenase

GS:

glutamine synthase

GOGAT:

glutamate synthase

G6P:

glucose 6-phosphate

IS:

intermembrane space

IM:

innermembrane

LEDR:

light-enhanced dark respiration

M:

matrix

MDH:

malate dehydrogenase

ME:

malic enzyme

NADH:

nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide, reduced form

NADPH:

nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced form

NDex:

external NAD(P)H dehydrogenase

NDin:

internal, rotenone-insensitive NADH dehydrogenase

NR:

nitrate reductase

NiR:

nitrite reductase

OAA:

oxaloacetate

OPP:

oxidative pentose phosphate

Pi:

inorganic phosphate

PDC:

pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

PEP:

phosphoenolpyruvate

PIB:

photorespiratory post-illumination burst

3-PGA:

3-phosphoglycerate

P-glycolate:

phosphoglycolate

PK:

pyruvate kinase

Qr:

ubiquinol

RQ:

respiratory quotient, ratio of CO2 release to O2 uptake

R:

non-photorespiratory mitochondrial CO2 release

R d :

R in the light

R n :

R in the dark

Rubisco:

ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase

RuBP:

ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate

SPS:

sucrose phosphate synthase

SDH:

succinate dehydrogenase

TCA cycle:

tricarboxylic acid cycle

UTP:

uridine triosphosphate

UDP:

uridine diphosphate

Γ.:

gamma star, ci value where vc equals 0.5vo

v c :

rate of carboxylation by Rubisco

v o :

rate of oxygenation by Rubisco

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  1. O. K. Atkin

    Present address: Department of Biology, University of York, PO Box 373, York, YO1 5YW, UK

  2. A. H. Millar

    Present address: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Biology Group, Research School of Biological Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, 0200, Australia

    O. K. Atkin

  2. Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, 0200, Australia

    A. H. Millar & D. A. Day

  3. Department of Plant Physiology, University of Umeå, 901 87, Sweden

    P. Gardeström

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Robert Hill Institute, University of Sheffield, UK

    Richard C. Leegood

  2. Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, USA

    Thomas D. Sharkey

  3. Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, Australia

    Susanne von Caemmerer

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Atkin, O.K., Millar, A.H., Gardeström, P., Day, D.A. (2000). Photosynthesis, Carbohydrate Metabolism and Respiration in Leaves of Higher Plants. In: Leegood, R.C., Sharkey, T.D., von Caemmerer, S. (eds) Photosynthesis. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, vol 9. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48137-5_7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48137-5_7

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