In recent years, long-acting treatments have emerged as a promising frontier in HIV management, encompassing both prophylactic and therapeutic modalities. These innovative approaches hold the potential to revolutionize the landscape of HIV care, addressing not only the challenges of treatment adherence but also expanding the toolkit for prevention strategies. This Collection calls for novel research, spanning from laboratory-based investigations to clinical trials and public health studies, in order to shed light on the diverse aspects of long-acting treatments for HIV.