This Topical Collection is dedicated to the 85th Birthday of Academician Wen-Rui Hu (胡文瑞) who initiated the research of microgravity science in China and, as an outstanding leader, promoted the development of microgravity science in China and internationally. It aims to provide the latest progress in the discipline directions with relevance to the academic activities of Academician Wen-Rui Hu.