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The Role of Land Surface Processes on Tropical Cyclones: Introduction to Land Surface Models

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Advanced Numerical Modeling and Data Assimilation Techniques for Tropical Cyclone Prediction

Abstract

The role of land surface processes in land falling tropical cyclones is an area of emerging interest. Tropical cyclones are formed as organized convection over warm water (typically 26.5 °C, Gray, 1968) packing tremendous amounts of energy. Tropical cyclones have a typical size of 200-2000 km with a life span of about one to two weeks. The cyclone and its environment are interlinked. There are a number of environmental factors that are important for sustaining and intensifying a tropical cyclone including low humidity, cooler sea surface temperature (SST), or higher tropopause temperatures, dry air intrusion from land masses, and large vertical wind shear (Gray, 1968; McBride and Zehr, 1981). However a number of environmental conditions can change the evolution of a landfalling storm.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support given by the US National Science Foundation (NSF CAREER AGS-0847472), the Indian National Center for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS), MoES and the Earth System Science Organization, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India (Grant no./Project no MM/SERP/CNRS/2013/INT-10/002) to conduct this research under Monsoon Mission.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA

    Dev Niyogi & Subashini Subramanian

  2. School of Earth, Ocean and Climate Sciences, IIT, Bhubaneswar, India

    Krishna K. Osuri

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  1. Dev Niyogi
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  1. School of Earth, Ocean and Climate Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, 110016, Hauz Khas, Delhi, India

    U. C. Mohanty

  2. Hurricane Research Division, Atlantic Oceanographic Meteorological Laboratory, NOAA, Rickenbacker Causeway, 4301, 33149, Miami, FL, USA

    Sundararaman G. Gopalakrishnan

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Niyogi, D., Subramanian, S., Osuri, K.K. (2016). The Role of Land Surface Processes on Tropical Cyclones: Introduction to Land Surface Models. In: Mohanty, U.C., Gopalakrishnan, S.G. (eds) Advanced Numerical Modeling and Data Assimilation Techniques for Tropical Cyclone Prediction. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.5822/978-94-024-0896-6_8

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