Abstract
Fifty kilometers northeast of Seattle, Washington, staff and inmates at the Monroe Correctional Complex made plans for a “worm farm,” a composting program that would provide education and training while mitigating the institution’s $65,000 annual expense for food waste disposal. This simple idea ballooned in ambition and scale due to the energy and charisma of an inmate in the program. He engaged with leading experts in vermiculture (breeding worms) and vermicomposting, asked for investment in scientific resources and equipment, and fostered a program culture of education and outreach.
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Notes
- 1.
Officer Jeffrey Swan and Technician Nick Hacheney, Monroe Correctional Complex, Monroe, WA, personal communications with Joslyn Rose Trivett, September 9, 2014 and October 12, 2016.
- 2.
Ibid.
- 3.
Ibid.
- 4.
Unpublished material, Sustainability in Prisons Project (SPP), 2016.
- 5.
Christopher Ingraham, “The U.S. Has More Jails Than Colleges,” Washington Post, January 6, 2015.
- 6.
Daniella Tilbury, “Environmental Education for Sustainability: Defining the New Focus of Environmental Education in the 1990s,” Environmental Education Research 1, no. 2 (1995): 195–212; multinational plea from Meg Keen, Valerie A. Brown, and Rob Dyball, Social Learning in Environmental Management: Towards a Sustainable Future (New York: Earthscan, 2005), 4; Daniella Tilbury, Education and Sustainability: Responding to the Global Challenge (Gland, Switzerland: Commission on Education and Communication, International Union for Conservation of Nature, 2002); Noel Gough, “Thinking/acting Locally/globally: Western Science and Environmental Education in a Global Economy,” International Journal of Science Education (Special Edition: Environmental Education and Science Education) 24, no. 11 (2002): 1,217–37; National Institute of Corrections, The Greening of Corrections: Creating a Sustainable System (Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), March 2011).
- 7.
Danielle Kaeble et al., Correctional Populations in the United States, 2014 (Washington, DC: DOJ, Bureau of Justice Statistics, December 2015), Table 2; Michael D. Sinclair, Survey of State Criminal History Information, 2008 (Washington, DC: DOJ, Bureau of Justice Statistics, October 2009), 3–4; Pew Charitable Trusts, Collateral Costs: Incarceration’s Effect on Economic Mobility (Washington, DC: 2010); Caroline Wolf Harlow, Education and Correctional Populations (Washington, DC: DOJ, Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2003); Lois M. Davis et al., Evaluating the Effectiveness of Correctional Education: A Meta-analysis of Programs That Provide Education to Incarcerated Adults (Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2013). Box 19-1 from the following sources: Jeff Romm, “The Coincidental Order of Environmental Justice,” in Kathryn M. Mutz, Gary C. Bryner, and Douglas S. Kenney, Justice and Natural Resources: Concepts, Strategies, and Applications (Washington, DC: Island Press, 2002); Keen, Brown, and Dyball, Social Learning in Environmental Management; United Nations Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization (UNESCO), UNESCO World Report: Investing in Cultural Diversity and Intercultural Dialogue (Paris: 2009); Julian Agyeman and Tom Evans, “Toward Just Sustainability in Urban Communities: Building Equity Rights with Sustainable Solutions,” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 590, no. 1 (2003): 35–53.
- 8.
Davis et al., Evaluating the Effectiveness of Correctional Education; Erin L. Castro et al., “Higher Education in an Era of Mass Incarceration: Possibility Under Constraint,” Journal of Critical Scholarship on Higher Education and Student Affairs 1, no. 1 (2015); Kaia Stern and Bruce Western, “National Directory of Prison Education Programs,” Prisons Studies Project, 2016, http://prisonstudiesproject.org/directory.
- 9.
Davis et al., Evaluating the Effectiveness of Correctional Education.
- 10.
. Sustainable Practices Lab from Rob Branscum, Washington State Penitentiary, Walla Walla, WA, personal communication with Joslyn Rose Trivett, July 28, 2016; Casa del la Paz from John Stubbs, student at Harvard College, Cambridge, MA, personal communication with Joslyn Rose Trivett, July 3, 2015.
- 11.
Roots of Success website, rootsofsuccess.org.
- 12.
Liliana Caughman, Diversity in Sustainability Education: Investigating Programs for Underserved Populations, paper presented at the Just Sustainability Conference, Seattle, WA, August 7–9, 2016.
- 13.
Heidi B. Carlone and Angela Johnson, “Understanding the Science Experiences of Successful Women of Color: Science Identity as an Analytic Lens,” Journal of Research in Science Teaching 44, no. 8 (2007): 1,187–1,218; David S. Yeager and Gregory M. Walton, “Social-psychological Interventions in Education: They’re Not Magic,” Review of Educational Research 81, no. 2 (June 2011): 267–301; George Marshall, “Losing Alaska,” Hidden Brain, National Public Radio, April 18, 2016.
- 14.
National Institute of Corrections, The Greening of Corrections.
- 15.
Roots of Success website, rootsofsuccess.org.
- 16.
Unpublished material, SPP, 2016; classroom dynamics from Eugene Youngblood, “Each One, Teach One,” sustainabilityinprisons.org, February 12, 2015.
- 17.
Cyril Delanto Walrond, “Reaching the Unreachable,” sustainabilityinprisons.org, September 9, 2016.
- 18.
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, “Your Human Rights,” www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Pages/WhatareHumanRights.aspx; Hanna Graham and Rob White, Innovative Justice (London: Routledge, 2015); inmate quote from Jose Morales, “Santa Clara County Sheriff’s Office Sustainability Program—Lawn Conversion Project,” video, October 28, 2015, https://vimeo.com/143950115.
- 19.
United Nations, “The International Bill of Human Rights” (New York: December 10, 1948); Timothy Buchanan, Leadership for Sustainability: Manifesting Systems Change in Corrections (Boston, MA: American Correctional Association Conference, August 2016); Cheryl Young et al., Keeping Prisons Safe: Transforming the Corrections Workplace (Olympia, WA: Gorham Publishing, 2014); Martin Seligman, Flourish: A Visionary New Understanding of Happiness and Well-being (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2012).
- 20.
Kristofer Bret Bucklen and Gary Zajac, “But Some of Them Don’t Come Back (to Prison)! Resource Deprivation and Thinking Errors as Determinants of Parole Success and Failure,” The Prison Journal 89, no. 3 (2009): 239–64; Kathryn Waitkus, The Impact of a Garden Program on the Physical, Environmental, and Social Climate of a Prison Yard at San Quentin State Prison, master of science thesis (Malibu, CA: Pepperdine University, 2004).
- 21.
The Horticultural Society of New York, “Horticultural Therapy Partnership,” http://thehort.org/horttherapy_htp.html; Carolyn M. Tennessen and Bernadine Cimprich, “Views to Nature: Effects on Attention,” Journal of Environmental Psychology 15 (March 1995): 77–85; Charles A. Lewis, Green Nature/Human Nature: The Meaning of Plants in Our Lives (Chicago, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1996); Seiji Shibata and Naoto Suzuki, “Effects of Indoor Foliage Plants on Subjects’ Recovery from Mental Fatigue,” North American Journal of Psychology 3, no. 2 (2001): 385–96; Sander van der Linden, “Green Prison Programmes, Recidivism and Mental Health: A Primer,” Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health 25, no. 5 (December 2015): 338–42; Jody M. Hines, Harold R. Hungerford, and Audrey N. Tomera, “Analysis and Synthesis of Research on Responsible Environmental Behavior: A Meta-analysis,” Journal of Environmental Education 18, no. 2 (1997): 1–8; Sebastian Bamberg and Guido Möser, “Twenty Years After Hines, Hungerford, and Tomera: A New Meta-analysis of Psycho-Social Determinants of Pro-environmental Behaviour,” Journal of Environmental Psychology 27, no. 1 (2007): 14–25; Lance Schnacker, Nature Imagery in Prisons Project at the Oregon Department of Corrections (Salem, OR: Oregon Youth Authority Research Brief, 2016).
- 22.
Ibid.; Timothy Hughes and Doris James Wilson, Reentry Trends in the United States (Washington, DC: DOJ, Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2003).
- 23.
Barb Toews, Assistant Professor in Criminal Justice, University of Washington-Tacoma, personal communication with Joslyn Rose Trivett and Kelli Bush, September 24, 2015.
- 24.
Carri J. LeRoy et al., The Sustainability in Prisons Project Handbook: Protocols for the SPP Network, first edition (Olympia, WA: Gorham Publishing, 2013).
- 25.
Shannon Swim, Sagebrush Coordinator, Lovelock Corrections Center, Lovelock, NV, personal communication with Joslyn Rose Trivett, September 19, 2016.
- 26.
Unpublished materials, SPP, 2014 and 2015; Robert Mayo, “Roots of Success Graduation Speech,” sustainabilityinprisons.org, September 30, 2015.
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Trivett, J.R., Pinderhughes, R., Bush, K., Caughman, L., LeRoy, C.J. (2017). Sustainability Education in Prisons: Transforming Lives, Transforming the World. In: EarthEd. State of the World. Island Press, Washington, DC. https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-843-5_19
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