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Spatial Distance versus Social Distance

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No One Eats Alone
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Abstract

This chapter takes aim at a sacred cow in alternative food movements: “local.” If practices shape what we care about, then the potential of alternative food movements is not being fully realized by focusing narrowly on local food. After all, foodscapes can be “local,” “close,” and “compact” and still separate people.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    See: Stephan, Walter G., and Krystina Finlay. 1999. “The Role of Empathy in Improving Intergroup Relations,” Journal of Social Issues 55 (4): 729–43; Taylor, Charles. 1992. “The Politics of Recognition.” Pp. 25–103 in Multiculturalism and the Politics of Recognition, ed. Amy Gutmann, Steven C. Rockefeller, Michael Walzer, and Susan Wolf. Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press.

  2. 2.

    Jacobs, Ken. 2015. “Americans Are Spending $153 Billion a Year to Subsidize McDonald’s and Wal-Mart’s Low-Wage Workers,” Washington Post, April 15, https://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2015/04/15/we-are-spending-153-billion-a-year-to-subsidize-mcdonalds-and-walmarts-low-wage-workers/, accessed January 4, 2016.

  3. 3.

    See, for example: Gray, Barbara, and Jennifer Kish-Gephart. 2013. “Encountering Social Class Differences at Work: How ‘Class Work’ Perpetuates Inequality,” Academy of Management Review 38 (4): 670–99; Kraus, Michael, Paul Piff, Rodolfo Mendoza-Denton, Michelle Rheinschmidt, and Dacher Keltner. 2012. “Social Class, Solipsism, and Contextualism: How the Rich Are Different from the Poor,” Psychological Review 119: 546–72.

  4. 4.

    Bowles, Samuel, and Herbert Gintis. 2002. “Social Capital and Community Governance,” Economic Journal 112 (483): F419–36; Malecki, Christine, and Michelle Demaray. 2006. “Social Support as a Buffer in the Relationship between Socioeconomic Status and Academic Performance,” School Psychology Quarterly 21 (4): 375.

  5. 5.

    Magee, Joe, and Pamela Smith. 2013. “The Social Distance Theory of Power,” Personality and Social Psychology Review 17 (2): 158–86; Sandel, Michael. 2012. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. New York: Macmillan.

  6. 6.

    Taylor, Charles. 1992 “The Politics of Recognition.” Pp. 25–103 in Multiculturalism and the Politics of Recognition, ed. Amy Gutmann, Steven C. Rockefeller, Michael Walzer, and Susan Wolf. Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press.

  7. 7.

    Shogren, J.F., Fox, J.A., Hayes, D.J., and Roosen, J., 1999. Observed choices for food safety in retail, survey, and auction markets. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 81(5), pp. 1192–1199.

  8. 8.

    (London) Telegraph. 2012. “Where Do Milk, Eggs, and Bacon Come From? One in Three Youths Don’t Know,” June 14, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/foodanddrink/foodanddrinknews/9330894/Where-do-milk-eggs-and-bacon-come-from-One-in-three-youths-dont-know.html, accessed March 24, 2015.

  9. 9.

    See, for example: Carolan, Michael. 2015. “Re-Wilding Food Systems: Visceralities, Utopias, Pragmatism, and Practice.” Pp. 126–39 in Food Utopias: An Invitation to a Food Dialogue, ed. P. Stock, M. Carolan, and C. Rosin. New York, London: Routledge; Carolan, Michael. 2013. “Putting the ‘Alter’ in Alternative Food Futures,” New Zealand Sociology 28 (4): 145–50; Carolan, Michael. 2013. “The Wild Side of Agrifood Studies: On Co-Experimentation, Politics, Change, and Hope,” Sociologia Ruralis 53 (4): 413–31.

  10. 10.

    See, for example: Carolan, Michael. 2011. Embodied Food Politics. Burlington, VT: Ashgate; Obach, Brian, and Kathleen Tobin. 2014. “Civic Agriculture and Community Engagement,” Agriculture and Human Values 31 (2): 307–22; Pole, Antoinette, and Margaret Gray. 2013. “Farming Alone? What’s Up with the ‘C’ in Community Supported Agriculture?” Agriculture and Human Values 30: 85–100.

  11. 11.

    Carolan, Michael. 2016. “More-than-Active Food Citizens: A Longitudinal and Comparative Study of Alternative and Conventional Eaters,” Rural Sociology, DOI: 10.1111

  12. 12.

    See, for example: Paul, J., and J. Rana. 2012. “Consumer Behavior and Purchase Intention for Organic Food,” Journal of Consumer Marketing 29 (6): 412–22.

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© 2017 Michael S. Carolan

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Carolan, M.S. (2017). Spatial Distance versus Social Distance. In: No One Eats Alone. Island Press, Washington, DC. https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-806-0_5

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