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Ecophysiological Considerations for Restoration

  • Chapter
Foundations of Restoration Ecology

Abstract

Plant restoration activities can be positively or negatively affected by changes in the abiotic or biotic environment from that of the pre-disturbance condition, such as invasion by nonnative species and changes in aboveground microclimate, soil structure, or soil nutrients. A thorough understanding of the ecophysiological mechanisms of adaptation that describe the potential for a plant to persist in a habitat allows a more accurate assessment of the impact of an altered environment on future plant performance and restoration outcomes. This feature of plants is often referred to as tolerance. Plant species vary in their capacity to tolerate different biotic and abiotic stressors, and this tolerance can be the basis for why some species are capable of reestablishing themselves quickly in a restoration setting, whereas the reestablishment of other species proceeds more slowly, if at all. Individual plants also vary in the rate at which they take up carbon, nitrogen, and water, and these differences will influence rates of nutrient cycling and other ecosystem functions. Ecophysiological traits that influence ecosystem functioning are referred to as effect traits (Suding et al. 2008).

Theory and Application

• Ecophysiological traits can be used to determine tolerances to environmental conditions and to estimate rates of nutrient cycling.

• Measurements of traits related to light, water, and soil nutrient acquisition may help practitioners select plant palettes for restoration projects.

• Trait differences between native and nonnative species may be used to assemble invasion-resistant communities.

• Comparing ecophysiological traits between plants in restored and intact communities provides an additional metric for defining the success of restoration projects.

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Authors
  1. Sarah Kimball
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  2. Jennifer L. Funk
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  3. Darren R. Sandquist
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  4. James R. Ehleringer
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. National Socio Environmental Synthesis Center, Park Place, Suite 300, 1, 21401, Annapolis, MD, USA

    Margaret A. Palmer

  2. Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Lincoln Drive, 430, 53706, Madison, WI, USA

    Joy B. Zedler

  3. University of Arizona School Natural Resources and Environment, E. Lowell Street, 1064, 85721, Tucson, AZ, USA

    Donald A. Falk

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Kimball, S., Funk, J.L., Sandquist, D.R., Ehleringer, J.R. (2016). Ecophysiological Considerations for Restoration. In: Palmer, M.A., Zedler, J.B., Falk, D.A. (eds) Foundations of Restoration Ecology. Island Press, Washington, DC. https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-698-1_6

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