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Human Impact on Protected Areas of the Peruvian Amazon

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Protecting the Wild

Abstract

SIXTEEN PERCENT OF THE AMAZON BIOME is part of Peru, nearly a quarter of which Peru has designated as protected areas under several categories. The oldest protected area in the Peruvian portion of the Amazon biome is the small Cutervo National Park, established in 1961, located in the north of Peru. Some of the most important protected areas of the Peruvian Amazon (including Pacaya-Samiria National Reserve and the Manu National Park) were created in the 1970s. Today there are 11 national parks and a total of 45 protected areas, both national and regional. Peru protects more than 18.1 million hectares, approximately 23.4 percent of its Amazon biome, which would seem quite a considerable area under protection, but a large portion of this area remains only partially protected, with about 55.3 percent of it allowing human presence and restricted economic uses (“direct-use”), including such categories as: national reserves, communal reserves, reserved zones, protection forests, and regional conservation areas. The fully protected areas (“indirect-use”) are national parks, national sanctuaries, and historical sanctuaries, and these areas stretch across 44.7 percent of the protected land.

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Notes

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  13. 13.

    Ibid.

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    M. J. Dourojeanni and R. E. Quiroga, Gestión de áreas protegidas para la conservación de la biodiversidad. Evidencias de Brasil, Honduras y Perú (Washington, D.C.: Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, Departamento de Desarrollo Sostenible, 2006), p. 116.

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    See the following links: http://www.dpz.es/prensa/2012/12/notas/np121204-1.asp; http://elblogdejoaquinventura.blogspot.com.br/2013/01/el-presupuesto-de-ordesa-y-monte.html; http://www.chistabinos.es/PNac_Posets%2017%20SEP%20SAN%20JUAN%20PLAN-GISTAIN.pdf; http://noticias.terra.es/ciencia/el-presupuesto-para-parques-nacionales-se-reduce-un-412-para-2013,159b38e21721a310VgnVCM4000009bcceb0aRCRD.html; http://www.rondasomontano.com/revista/53796/; http://www.parquenatural.com/blog/ver/cabo-de-gata-nijar-recibe-el-2010-con-cerca-de-1-millon-de-euros.

  26. 26.

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    See the following links: http://www.dpz.es/prensa/2012/12/notas/np121204-1.asp; http://elblogdejoaquinventura.blogspot.com.br/2013/01/el-presupuesto-de-ordesa-y-monte.html; http://www.chistabinos.es/PNac_Posets%2017%20SEP%20SAN%20JUAN%20PLAN-GISTAIN.pdf; http://noticias.terra.es/ciencia/el-presupuesto-para-parques-nacionales-se-reduce-un-412-para-2013,159b38e21721a310VgnVCM4000009bcceb0aRCRD.html; http://www.rondasomontano.com/revista/53796/; http://www.parquenatural.com/blog/ver/cabo-de-gata-nijar-recibe-el-2010-con-cerca-de-1-millon-de-euros.

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  32. 32.

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  33. 33.

    This national park is located in the Cerrado biome, limiting with the biome of the Amazon.

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    M. J. Dourojeanni and M. T. Pádua, Biodiversidade, A Hora Decisiva, 2nd ed. (Curitiba: Universidade Federal do Paraná, 2007), p. 282.

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  38. 38.

    The Pampa Galeras National Reserve was created in 1967; Pacaya-Samiria in 1968; and another dozen reserves before that by Chico Mendes in Brazil. The concept of communal reserves, which inspired the extractive reserves in Brazil, was launched by Peruvian environmentalists in the 1970s.

  39. 39.

    J. Terborgh and C. P. van Schaik, “Minimizing Species Loss: The Imperative of Protection” in Last Stand: Protected Areas and the Defense of Tropical Biodiversity, ed. R. Kramer, C. P. van Schaik, and J. Johnson (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997), pp. 15–35; L. Gibson et al., “Primary Forests Are Irreplaceable for Sustaining Tropical Biodiversity,” Nature 478 (2011): 378–81.

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  1. Marc J. Dourojeanni
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  1. Foundation for Deep Ecology, 5Th St 306, 59047, Livingston, Montana, USA

    George Wuerthner

  2. Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA

    Eileen Crist

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Dourojeanni, M.J. (2015). Human Impact on Protected Areas of the Peruvian Amazon. In: Wuerthner, G., Crist, E., Butler, T. (eds) Protecting the Wild. Island Press, Washington, DC. https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-551-9_23

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