Abstract
Violence over freshwater has a long and distrxessing history. For nearly two decades, the Pacific Institute has been tracking, analyzing, and cataloging instances of conflict over water resources (see box WB 3.1).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Notes
- 1.
Water Conflict Chronology, http://worldwater.org/chronology.html.
- 2.
Corrections, additions, and modifications are welcome. Send full citations and supporting information to pgleick@pacinst.org.
- 3.
The Kambarata-1 hydropower plant, proposed by Kyrgyzstan for the Naryn River, a tributary of the Syr Darya; and the Rogun Dam, proposed by Tajikistan for the Vakhsh River, a tributary of the Amu Darya.
References
Abuwara, A. 2011. Can water end the Arab-Israeli conflict? Al Jazeera English, July 29. http://en glish.aljazeera.net/indepth/features/2011/07/20117278519784574.html (accessed March 2, 2013).
Al Arabiya News. 2012. Egypt, Sudan could seek military action over Nile: WikiLeaks. October 12. http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/10/12/243396.html (accessed February 5, 2013).
Amnesty International. 2011. “Where Is the Dignity in That?” Women in Solomon Islands Slums Denied Sanitation and Safety. September. http://www.amnesty.org.nz/files/SolomonIslands WEB.pdf.
Amnesty International. 2012. Guatemala: Lives and Livelihoods at Stake in Mining Conflict. June 21. http://www.amnesty.org/en/news/guatemala-lives-and-livelihoods-stake-mining-conflict-2012-06-21 (accessed January 31, 2013).
Associated Press (AP). 2011. 9 killed in renewed violence in Yemeni capital. September 22. http:// www.foxnews.com/world/2011/09/22/killed-in-renewed-violence-in-yemeni-capital / (accessed March 2, 2013).
Associated Press (AP). 2012. Brazil police investigate indigenous claim that creek in sacred land was poisoned. November 21. http://www.foxnews.com/world/2012/11/21/brazil-police-investigate-indig enous-claim-that-creek-in-sacred-land-was/#ixzz2Jae2OGLn (accessed January 31, 2013).
BBC. 2012. Mass graves found in Kenya’s Tana River Delta region. BBC News Africa, September 18. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-19634076 (accessed February 6, 2013).
Bii, B. 2012. Tension at Kenya-Uganda border over rustling. Daily Nation, October 3. http://www.nation.co.ke/News/-/1056/1523908/-/xtc5qbz/-/index.html (accessed February 6, 2013).
Borisov, A. 2012. Water tensions overflow in ex-Soviet Central Asia. Phys.org, November 21. http://phys.org/news/2012-11-tensions-ex-soviet-central-asia.html#jCp (accessed February 5, 2013).
Bsharat, M., and S. A. Ramadan. 2011. Fears of violence mount in West Bank on eve of Palestinian UN bid. Xinhua News Agency, September 21. http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010 /world/2011-09/21/c_131150218.htm (accessed March 2, 2013).
Catholic Online. 2012. Severe drought in Brazil destroying herds and lives. October 12. http://www.catholic.org/international/international_story.php?id=48869 (accessed January 31, 2013).
Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) and Sandia National Laboratories. 2005. Addressing Our Global Water Future. September 30. Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies; Albuquerque: Sandia National Laboratories. http://csis.org/files /media/csis/pubs/csis-snl_ogwf_sept_28_2005.pdf (accessed August 15, 2013).
Circle of Blue. 2011. Water as a tool of war: Qaddafi loyalists turn off tap for half of Libya. Circle of Blue Water News, August 30. http://www.circleofblue.org/waternews/2011/world/water-as-a-tool-of-war-qaddafi-loyalists-turn-off-tap-for-half-of-libya/ (accessed March 2, 2013).
Circle of Blue. 2012. Protests break out after India’s Supreme Court rules in favor of downstream state in Cauvery River dispute. Circle of Blue Water News, October 3. http://www.circleofblue.org /waternews/2012/world/protests-break-out-after-indias-supreme-court-rules-in-favor-of-downstream-state-in-cauvery-river-dispute/ (accessed February 5, 2013).
The Economist. 2012a. Bolivia and Chile: Trickle-down diplomacy; Evo Morales tries to swap a stream for a piece of Chilean seafront. November 17. http://www.economist.com/news /americas/21566673-evo-morales-tries-swap-stream-piece-chilean-seafront-trickle-down -diplomacy (accessed January 31, 2013).
The Economist. 2012b. Water wars in Central Asia: Dammed if they do; Spats over control of water roil an already unstable region. September 29. http://www.economist.com/node/21563764 (accessed February 5, 2013).
Egypt Independent. 2012. Abu Simbel farmers release tourists held over water shortage. June 3. http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/farmers-hold-tourists-abu-simbel-over-water -shortage-news2 (accessed February 5, 2013).
Ferrie, J. 2012. South Sudan refugee water shortage killing up to 10 people daily. Bloomberg News, June 13. http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-06-13/south-sudan-refugee-water -shortage-killing-up-to-10-people-daily (accessed February 6, 2013).
Gleick, P. H. 1998. Conflict and cooperation over fresh water. In The World’s Water 1998–1999: The Biennial Report on Freshwater Resources, edited by P H. Gleick, 105. Washington, DC: Island Press.
Gleick, P. H. 2006. Water and terrorism. Water Policy 8 (6): 481–503.
Gleick, P H., and M. Palaniappan. 2010. Peak water limits to freshwater withdrawal and use. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107 (25): 11155–11162. http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1004812107.
Google News. 2012a. Kenya to hold peace meeting after 52 killed. AFP August 23. http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jZdyUiAcUA7p94cH8PjEtslQUK3A?docId = CNG.4fe0cb53fa3afbb412c2a959ae285e36.211 (accessed February 6, 2013).
Hamid, M. 2012. Afghan schoolgirls poisoned in anti-education attack. Reuters, April 17. http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/04/17/us-afghanistan-women-idUSBRE83G0PZ20120417 (accessed January 31, 2013).
Hassan, I. 2012. Militants sabotage works on J&K lake. dna, August 30. http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_militants-sabotage-works-on-j-and-k-lake_1734411 (accessed February 6, 2013).
Indian Express. 2012. Stopped releasing Cauvery water to TN, says Karnataka CM. December 10. http://www.indianexpress.com/news/stopped-releasing-cauvery-water-to-tn-says-karnataka-cm/1043124/ (accessed February 5, 2013).
Jakarta Globe. 2012. Bloody clashes in Indonesia’s Maluku claim another life. March 8. http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/news/bloody-clashes-in-indonesias-maluku-claim-another-life/503346 (accessed February 6, 2013).
Kozhevnikov, R. 2012. Uzbekistan resumes gas supplies to Tajikistan. Reuters, April 16. http:// www.reuters.com/article/2012/04/16/tajikistan-gas-idUSL6E8FG3YL20120416 (accessed February 5, 2013).
Kramer, A., A. T. Wolf, A. Carius, and G. D. Dabelko. 2013. The key to managing conflict and cooperation over water. A World of Science 11 (1) (January-March): 4–12. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0021/002191/219156E.pdf.
Leurig, S. 2012. Water Ripples: Expanding Risks for U.S. Water Providers. Boston, MA: Ceres. http://www.ceres.org/resources/reports/water-ripples-expanding-risks-for-u.s.-water-pro viders/view.
Makoye, K. 2012. Drought drives Tanzanian herders into conflict with farmers. Reuters, June 12. http://www.trust.org/alertnet/news/drought-drives-tanzanian-herders-into-conflict-with -farmers/ (accessed February 6, 2013).
Mashal, M. 2012. What Iran and Pakistan want from the Afghans: Water. Time, December 2. http://world.time.com/2012/12/02/what-iran-and-pakistan-want-from-the-afghans -water/ (accessed January 31, 2013).
McNeish, H. 2012. Refugees in South Sudan face water crisis. AFP March 31. http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5ho-X1B6kIDKnLCHEUnlrW9665trw?docId%3DCNG.91f54df3baaf54aa7554fca3c3d379df.41 (accessed February 5, 2013).
New York Times. 2012. Kenya: Clashes over land and water leave 12 dead. September 7. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/08/world/africa/kenya-clashes-over-land-and-water-leave-12-dead.html?partner=rssnyt&emc=rss&_moc.semityn&_r=1& (accessed February 6, 2013).
Njeru, G. 2012. Water shortages driving growing thefts, conflicts in Kenya. Reuters, August 6. http://www.trust.org/alertnet/news/water-shortages-driving-growing-thefts-conflicts-in -kenya/ (accessed February 6, 2013).
Ooska News. 2012. Egypt water shortage protests are widespread and violent. July 25. http://www.ooskanews.com/daily-water-briefing/egypt-water-shortage-protests-are-widespread-and-violent_23549 (accessed February 5, 2013).
Phys.org. 2012. Trouble at Brazil mega-dam stops construction for now. November 12. http://phys.org/news/2012-11-brazil-mega-dam.html#jCp (accessed January 31, 2013).
Reuters. 2012a. Power cuts spark protests as India swelters. July 4. http://www.reuters.com/arti cle/2012/07/04/uk-india-electricity-protest-idUSLNE86300Q20120704. (accessed February 5, 2013.)
Reuters. 2012b. Update 3—Peru clash over Newmont mine kills three. July 3. http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/07/04/peru-newmont-idUSL2E8I3GB820120704 (accessed February 5, 2013).
Reuters. 2012c. Update 3—Peru uses emergency rules to try to end anti-mining protest. May 28. http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/05/29/xstrata-peru-idUSL1E8GS34F20120529 (accessed February 5, 2013).
Shabelle Media Network. 2012. Somalia: Ethnic fighting renews in lower Jubba region, South Somalia. August 15. http://allafrica.com/stories/201208160039.html (accessed February 6, 2013).
Shah, A. 2012. Officials say 7 Afghan children killed by bomb. Associated Press, July 25. http://news.yahoo.com/officials-7-afghan-children-killed-bomb-110922657.html (accessed January 31, 2013).
Sudan Tribune. 2012. Egypt: Govt denies deal with Sudan to strike Ethiopian dam. September 24. http://allafrica.com/stories/201209250218.html (accessed February 5, 2013).
Taha, R. M. 2012. Mali conflict spilling over: Influx of refugees from Mali exacerbates political instability in neighbouring Mauritania. Daily News of Egypt, July 1.http://www.dailynews egypt.com/2012/07/01/mali-conflict-spilling-over/ (accessed February 6, 2013).
United Press International (UPI). 2011. Gadhafi turns water project into a weapon. UPI.com, September 2. http://www.upi.com/Business_News/Energy-Resources/2011/09/02/Gadhafi -turns-water-project-into-a-weapon/UPI-66451314984213/?spt=hs&or=er (accessed March 2, 2013).
United States Department of Defense, Defense Intelligence Agency (US DIA). 2012. Global Water Security. Intelligence Community Assessment ICA 2012–08. February 2. Washington, DC: Office of the Director of National Intelligence. http://www.dni.gov/files/documents /Newsroom/Press%20Releases/ICA_Global%20Water%20Security.pdf (accessed January 31, 2013).
Wabala, D. 2012. Kenya: KDF airlifts water to troops as wells poisoned. AllAfrica, The Star, September 24. http://allafrica.com/stories/201209250173.html (accessed February 6, 2013).
Water Politics. 2012. Central Asia’s looming conflict over water: The upriver countries. November 12. http://www.waterpolitics.com/2012/11/12/central-asias-looming-conflict-over-water -the-upriver-countries/ (accessed February 5, 2013).
Xinhua News. 2012a. Cape Town hit by continued protest against poor service delivery. August 14. http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2012-08/14/c_131782882.htm (accessed February 6, 2013).
Xinhua News. 2012b. Tribal clash kills 30 along Mali-Burkina Faso border. May 25. http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2012-05/25/c_131611541.htm (accessed February 6, 2013).
Yeager, C. 2012. When gold loses its luster: Four dead in Peru mining protests. Circle of Blue Water News, July 6. http://www.circleofblue.org/waternews/2012/commentary/editorial-in-the -circle-fresh-focus/when-gold-loses-its-luster-four-dead-in-peru-mining-protests/ (accessed February 5, 2013).
Zakaria, F. 2013. The coming water wars. CNN World, Global Public Square, February 25. http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2013/02/25/the-coming-water-wars/?iref=allsearch (accessed March 2, 2013).
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Pacific Institute for Studies in Development, Environment, and Security
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Gleick, P.H., Heberger, M. (2014). Water and Conflict. In: Gleick, P.H. (eds) The World’s Water. The World’s Water. Island Press, Washington, DC. https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-483-3_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-483-3_10
Publisher Name: Island Press, Washington, DC
Print ISBN: 978-1-59726-421-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-61091-483-3
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)