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Innovation and social inclusion: how to reduce the vulnerability of rurals?

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Renewing innovation systems in agriculture and food

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Abstract

Innovation is currently at the centre of the discourse on the paths of development and growth in both the North and the South. This manifests most often in the form of repeated references to the development of the ‘knowledge economy’, based on a range of information and communication technologies, and its disruption of existing ‘technological paradigms’ in at least as significant a manner as the impact of the first industrial revolutions on the world economy.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    North (1990) has most notably shown that, at the scale of nations, institutions were dependent on the path of institutional innovation, which can engender the phenomenon of institutional lock-in. This calls into question the position he had originally advocated of an optimization of the institutional trajectory in the context of the development of market economies.

  2. 2.

    Debates on intellectual property echo this tension, for example, through the issue of patent term limits or the possibility of recognizing a collective intellectual property.

  3. 3.

    We note that assessing the impact of innovation policies on poverty alleviation comes down to assessing a mechanism of this type.

  4. 4.

    As defined by Gereffi (1999) and Gereffi and Humphrey (2005).

  5. 5.

    According to the Agrimonde forecast (Paillard et al., 2010) production, as measured in Kcal/day per ha, increased by a factor of 2.5 between 1961 and 2003, with growth being particularly strong in Asia. In the OECD areas, food production per farm worker increased by a factor of 7 but growth was much slower in other regions.

  6. 6.

    The structuring of agriculture into networks and ‘pools de siembra’ (network companies) in the Southern Cone of Latin America is the most obvious illustration of this increase in production scale (Hernandez, 2008).

  7. 7.

    As defined by Lancaster (1966).

  8. 8.

    We consider that Bolsa Familia in Brazil has been responsible for the significant drop recorded there in the Gini coefficient since the beginning of the 2000 decade.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut d’Etudes Politiques de Toulouse (Sciences-po Toulouse), 2ter rue des Puits Creusés, 31685, Toulouse Cedex 6, France

    Denis Requier-Desjardins

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  1. Denis Requier-Desjardins
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Correspondence to Denis Requier-Desjardins .

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E. Coudel H. Devautour C. T. Soulard G. Faure B. Hubert

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Requier-Desjardins, D. (2013). Innovation and social inclusion: how to reduce the vulnerability of rurals?. In: Coudel, E., Devautour, H., Soulard, C.T., Faure, G., Hubert, B. (eds) Renewing innovation systems in agriculture and food. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen. https://doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-768-4_6

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