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Histone Deacetylases pp 129–163Cite as

The Class IIa Histone Deacetylases

Functions and Regulation

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Part of the book series: Cancer Drug Discovery and Development ((CDD&D))

Abstract

Posttranslational modifications of histone proteins in chromatin play a critical role in the control of gene expression in eukaryotes. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) catalyze the deacetylation of lysine residues in the histone amino-terminal tails and are found in large multiprotein transcriptional compressor complexes. Human HDACs are grouped into three classes based on their similarity to known yeast factors. Class I HDACs are similar to the yeast transcriptional repressor yRPD3, whereas class II HDACs are related to yHDA1 and class III HDAs to ySIR2. In this review, we focus on the structure and function of class IIa HDACs. These recently discovered enzymes have been implicated as important regulators of gene expression during cell differentiation and development.

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Abbreviations

BCL6:

B-cell lymphoma 6

B-MyB:

B-myeloblastosis virus

BTB/POZ:

Bric-a-brac, tramtrack, and broad complex/ Pox virus and zinc finger

BCOR:

BCL-6 interacting corepressor

Cam:

Calmodulin

CRM1:

Chromosome region maintenance 1

CtBP:

COOH-terminal binding protein

DAG:

Diacylglycerol

Erk:

Extracellular signal-related kinase

ETO:

Eight twenty-one

Eu-HMTase1:

Eukaryotic histone methyltransferase

GPS2:

G protein pathway suppressor 2

HAST:

Hda 1p-affected subtelomeric

Hos 1/3, Hos2:

Hda One Similar 2

Hox:

Homeobox

HP1:

Heterochromatin protein 1

Hst1:

Homolog of SIR2

IP3 :

Inositol triphosphate

Mad:

MAX dimerization protein 1

MADS:

MCM1, agamous, deficiens, and serum response factor

MAX:

MYC associated factor X

MCM1 (in the MADS definition):

Mini-chromosome maintenance

MEF2:

Myocyte enhancer-binding factor 2

MRF:

Muscle regulatory factor 4

MyoD:

Myogenic differentiation

MYST family:

MOZ, YBF2/SAS 3, SAS 2, and Tip60

NCoR:

Nuclear receptor corepressor

NES:

Nuclear export signal

NLS:

Nuclear localization signal

NR:

Nuclear receptor

PKC:

Protein kinase C

PKD:

Protein kinase D

PLCg:

Phospholipase c-γ

PLZF:

Promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger

RanBP2:

RAs-related nuclear protein, binding protein 2

REA:

Repressor of estrogen activity

Rpx2:

Rathkee pouch homeobox 2

Runx2:

Runt-related transcription factor 2

SMRT:

Silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid receptors

STAT3:

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3

SUV39H1:

Suppressor of variegation 3-9 homolog 1

Tat:

Transactivator of transcription

TBL-1:

Transducin β-like protein

TIP60:

Tat-interacting protein, 60 kilodaltons

ZEBRA:

BamhI fragment Z Epstein-Barr replication activator

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  1. Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA

    Herbert G. Kasler PhD & Eric Verdin MD

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  1. Herbert G. Kasler PhD
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  1. Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA

    Eric Verdin MD

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Kasler, H.G., Verdin, E. (2006). The Class IIa Histone Deacetylases. In: Verdin, E. (eds) Histone Deacetylases. Cancer Drug Discovery and Development. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59745-024-3:129

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