Skip to main content

Infectious and Environmental Triggers of Asthma

  • Chapter
Bronchial Asthma

Part of the book series: Current Clinical Practice ((CCP))

  • 1157 Accesses

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Kaiser HB. Risk factors in allergy/asthma. Allergy Asthma Proc 2004; 25: 7–10.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Hwar TD, Wiesc DG, Koppelma GH, et al. Genetics of allergy and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Clin Exp Allergy 1999; 29 Suppl: 86–89.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Boris L. Genetics of allergy and asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1999; 82: 413–424.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Le SG, Ki BS, Ki JH, et al. Gene-gene interaction between interleukin-4 and interleukin-4 receptor alpha in Korean children with asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2004; 34: 1202–1208.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Weidinge S, Klop N, Wagenpfei S, et al. Association of a STAT 6 haplotype with elevated serum IgE levels in a population based cohort of white adults. J Med Genet 2004; 41: 658–663.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Mossma TR, Coffma RL. Different patterns of cytokine secretion lead to different functional properties. Ann Rev Immunol 1989; 11: 245–268.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Elliot L, Yeatt K, Loomi D. Ecological associations between asthma prevalence and potential exposure to farming. Eur Respir J 2004; 24: 938–941.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Hol P, Sl P, Bjorkste B. Atopic versus infectious disease in childhood: a question of balance? Pediatr Allergy Immunol 1997; 8: 1–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Riedle J, Braun-Fahrlande C, Ede W, et al. Exposure to farming in early life and development of asthma and allergy: a cross-sectional survey. Lancet 2001; 358: 1129–1133.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Li AH. Somethinold, something new: indoor endotoxin, allergens, and asthma. Paediatr Resp Rev 2004; 5(suppl A): S65–S71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Hesselma B, Aber N, Aber B, Eriksso B, Bjorkste B. Does early exposure to cat or dog protect against later allergy development? Clin Exp Allergy 1999; 29: 611–617.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Lewi SA, Britto JR. Measles infection, measles vaccination and the effect of birth order in the aetiology of hay fever. Clin Exp Allergy 1998; 28: 1493–1500.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Roos HP, Gassne M, Griz L, et al. Influence of MMR-vaccinations and diseases on atopic sensiti-zation and allergic symptoms in Swiss schoolchildren. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2004; 15: 401–407.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. McKeeve TM, Lewi SA, Smit C, Hubbar R. Vaccination and allergic disease: a birth cohort study. Am J Public Health 2004; 94: 985–989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Da Cunh SS. No epidemiological evidence for infant vaccinations to cause allergic disease. Vaccine 2004; 22: 3375–3385.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Benk G, Abramso M, Rave J, Thei FC, Walter EH. Asthma and vaccination history in a young adult cohort. Aust NZJ Public Health 2004; 28: 336–338.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Don W, Selgrad MK, Gilmou MI. Systemic administration of Bordella pertussis enhances pul-monary sensitization to house dust mite in juvenile rats. Toxicol Sci 2003; 72: 113–121.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Hiran T, Kawasak N, Miyatak H, Sato T. Wistar strain rats as the model for IgE antibody experiments. Biol Pharm Bull 2001; 24: 962,963.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Rya M, McCarth L, Rappuol R, Maho BP, Mill KH. Pertussis toxin potentiates Th1 and Th2 responses to co-injected antigen: adjuvant action is associated with enhanced regulatory cytokine production and expression of the co-stimulatory molecules B7-1, B7-2 and CD28. Int Immunol 1998; 10: 651–662.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Nilsso L, Kjellma NI, Bjorksten B. A randomized controlled trial of the effect of pertussis vaccines on atopic disease. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1998; 152: 734–738.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Enni DP, Cassid JP, Mahon BP. Whole-cell pertussis vaccine protects against Bordetella pertussis exacerbation of allergic asthma. Immunol Lett 2005; 97: 91–100.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Ceran O, Aka S, Oztemel D, Uyanik B, Ozkozaci T. The relationship of tonsillar hyperplasia and asthma in a group of asthmatic children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2004; 68: 775–778.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Shirakawa T, Enomoto T, Shimazu S, Hopkin JM. The inverse association between tuberculin responses and atopic disorder. Science 1997; 275(5296): 77–79.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Townley RG, Barlan IB, Patino C, et al. The effect of BCG vaccine at birth on the development of atopy or allergic disease in young children. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2004; 92: 350–355.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Alm Lilja G, Pershagen G, Scheynius A. Early BCG vaccination and development of atopy. Lancet 1997; 350: 400–403.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Vargas MH, Bernal-Alcantara DA, Vaca MA, Franco-Marina F, Lascurain R. Effect of BCG vaccination in asthmatic schoolchildren. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2004; 15: 415–420.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Herz U, Gerhold K, Gruber C, et al. BCG infection suppresses allergic sensitization and development of increased airway reactivity in an animal model. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998; 102: 867–874.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Tukenmez F, Bahceciler NN, Barlan IB, Basaran MM. Effect of pre-immunization by killed Mycobacterium bovis and vaccae on immunoglobulin E response in ovalbumin-sensitized newborn mice. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 1999; 10: 107–111.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Wang CC, Rook GA. Inhibition of an established allergic response to ovalbumin in BALB/c mice by killed Mycobacterium vaccae. Immunology 1998; 93: 307–313.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Bjorksten B. The intrauterine and postnatal environments. Curr Allergy Clin Immunol 1999; 104: 1119–1127.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Bjorksten B, Naaber P, Sepp E, Mikelnar M. The intestinal microflora in allergic Estonian and Swedish 2year old children. Clin Exp Allergy 1999; 29: 342–346.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Shida K, Makino K, Morishita A, et al. Lactobacillus casei inhibits antigen-induced IgE secretion through regulation of cytokine production in murine splenocyte cultures. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 1998; 115: 278–287.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Hopp RJ. Recurrent wheezing in infants and young children: a perspective. J Asthma 1999; 36: 547–553.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Schildgen O, Geikowski T, Glatzel T, et al. New variant of the human metapneumovirus (HMPV) associated with an acute and severe exacerbation of asthma bronchiale. J Clin Virol 2004; 31: 283–288.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Tan WC. Viruses in asthma exacerbations. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2005; 11: 21–26.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Einarsson O, Geba GP, Zhu Z, Landry M, Elias JA. Interleukin-11: stimulation in vivo and in vitro by respiratory viruses and induction of airways hyperresponsiveness. J Clin Invest 1996; 97: 915–924.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Holtzman MJ, Shornick LP, Grayson MH, et al. &quote;Hit-and-run&quote; effects of paramyxoviruses as a basis for chronic respiratory disease. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2004; 23(11 Suppl): S235–S245.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Welliver RC, Wong DT, Sun M, Middleton E Jr, Vaughan RS, Ogra PL. The development of respiratory syncytial virus-specific IgE and the release of histamine in nasopharyngeal secretions after infection. N Engl J Med 1981; 305: 841–846.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Gershwin LJ, Gunther RA, Anderson ML, et al. Bovine respiratory syncytial virus-specific IgE is associated with interleukin-2 and-4, and interferon-gamma expression in pulmonary lymph of experimentally infected calves. Am J Vet Res 2000; 61: 291–298.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Dakhama A, Park JW, Taube C, et al. Alteration of airway sensory neuropeptide expression and development of airway hyperresponsiveness following respiratory syncytial virus infection. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2004; 288: L761–L770.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Stein RT, Sherrill D, Morgan WJ, et al. Respiratory syncytial virus in early life and risk of wheeze and allergy by age 13 years. Lancet 1999; 354: 541–545.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Noma T, Mori A, Yoshizawa I. Induction of allergen-specific IL-2 responsiveness of lymphocytes after respiratory syncytial virus infection and prediction of onset of recurrent wheezing and bronchial asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1996; 98: 816–826.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Ogra PL. Respiratory syncytial virus: the virus, the disease and the immune response. PaediatrRespir Rev 2004; 5 Suppl A: S119–S126.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Miller AL, Bowlin TL, Lukacs NW. Respiratory syncytial virus-induced chemokine production: linking viral replication to chemokine production in vitro and in vivo. J Infect Dis 2004; 189: 1419–1430.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. John AE, Gerard CJ, Schaller M, et al. Respiratory syncytial virus-induced exaggeration of allergic airway disease is dependent upon CCR1-associated immune responses. EurJ Immunol 2005; 35: 108–116.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Hegele RG. Role of viruses in the onset of asthma and allergy: lessons from animal models. Clin Exp Allergy 1999; 29 Suppl 2: 78–81.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Grunewald SM, Hahn C, Wohlleben G, et al. Infection with influenza a virus leads to flu antigeninduced cutaneous anaphylaxis in mice. J Invest Dermatol 2002; 118: 645–651.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Yamamoto N, Suzuki S, Suzuki Y, et al. Immune response induced by airway sensitization after influenza A virus infection depends on timing of antigen exposure in mice. Virology 2001; 75: 499–505.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Jacoby DB. Virus-induced asthma attacks. J Aerosol Med 2004; 17: 169–173.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. McWilliam AS, Napoli S, Marsh AM, et al. Dendritic cells are recruited into the airway epithelium during the inflammatory response to a broad spectrum of stimuli. J Exp Med 1996; 184: 2429–2432.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Underner M, Millet C, Charriere V, et al. [Neuropeptides and respiratory diseases: prospects in the treatment of asthma.] Rev Pneumol Clin 1989; 45: 144–151.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Esposito S, Droghetti R, Bosis S, et al. Cytokine secretion in children with acute Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and wheeze. Pediatr Pulmonol 2002; 34: 122–127.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Kazachkov MY, Hu PC, Carson JL, et al. Release of cytokines by human nasal epithelial cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Exp Biol Med 2002; 227: 330–335.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Hahn DL, Dodge RW, Golubjatnikov R. Association of Chlamydiapneumoniae (strain TWAR) infection with wheezing, asthmatic bronchitis, and adult-onset asthma. JAMA 1991; 266: 225–230.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Freymuth F, Vabret A, Brouard J, et al. Detection of viral, Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in exacerbations of asthma in children. J Clin Virol 1999; 13: 131–139.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Hussain I, Kline JN. DNA, the immune system, and atopic disease. J Invest Dermatol Symp Proc 2004; 9: 23–28.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Fanucchi MV, Schelegle ES, Baker GL, et al. Immunostimulatory oligonucleotides attenuate airways remodeling in allergic monkeys. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004; 170: 1153–1157.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. DiFranza JR, Aligne CA, Weitzman M. Prenatal and postnatal environmental tobacco smoke exposure and children’s health. Pediatrics 2004; 113(4 Suppl): 1007–1015.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Cunningham J, O’Connor GT, Dockery DW, Speizer FE. Environmental tobacco smoke, wheezing, and asthma in children in 24 communities. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 153: 218–224.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Ehrlich RI, Du Toit D, Jordaan E, et al. Risk factors for childhood asthma and wheezing. Importance of maternal and household smoking. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 154(3): 681–688.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Colilla S, Nicolae D, Pluzhnikov A, et al. Evidence for gene-environment interactions in a linkage study of asthma and smoking exposure. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003; 111: 840–846.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Seymour BW, Pinkerton KE, Friebertshauser KE, Coffman RL, Gershwin LJ. Second-hand smoke is an adjuvant for T helper-2 responses in a murine model of allergy. J Immunol 1997; 159: 6169–6175.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Seymour BW, Friebertshauser KE, Peake JL, et al. Gender differences in the allergic response of mice neonatally exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. Dev Immunol 2002; 9: 47–54.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Seymour BW, Schelegle ES, Pinkerton KE, et al. Second-hand smoke increases bronchial hyperreac-tivity and eosinophilia in a murine model of allergic aspergillosis. Clin Dev Immunol 2003; 10: 35–W42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Gershwin LJ. Effects of air pollutants on development of allergic immune responses in the respiratory tract. Clin Dev Immunol 2003; 10: 119–126.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Boutin-Forzano S, Adel N, Gratecos L, et al. Visits to the emergency room for asthma attacks and short-term variations in air pollution. A case-crossover study. Respiration 2004; 71: 134–137.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Chen LL, Tager IB, Peden DB, et al. Effect of ozone exposure on airway responses to inhaled allergen in asthmatic subjects. Chest 2004; 125: 2328–2335.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Gershwin LJ, Osebold JW, Zee YC. Immunoglobulin E-containing cells in mouse lung following allergen inhalation and ozone exposure. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 1981; 65: 266–277.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. sebold JW, Gershwin LJ, Zee YC. Studies on the enhancement of allergic lung sensitization by inhalation of ozone and sulfuric acid aerosol. J Environ Pathol Toxicol 1980; 3: 221–234.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Larson SD, Schelegle ES, Walby WF, et al. Postnatal remodeling of the neural components of the epithelial-mesenchymal trophic unit in the proximal airways of infant rhesus monkeys exposed to ozone and allergen. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2004; 194: 211–220.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Schelegle ES, Miller LA, Gershwin LJ, et al. Repeated episodes of ozone inhalation amplifies the effects of allergen sensitization and inhalation on airway immune and structural development in Rhesus monkeys. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2003; 191: 74–85.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Evans MJ, Fanucchi MV, Baker GL, et al. Atypical development of the tracheal basement membrane zone of infant rhesus monkeys exposed to ozone and allergen. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2003; 285: L931–L927.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Polosa R, Salvi S, Di Maria GU. Allergic susceptibility associated with diesel exhaust particle expo-sure: clear as mud. Arch Environ Health 2002; 57: 188–193.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Wardlaw AJ. The role of air pollution in asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 1993; 23: 81–96.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Nadel JA. Decreased neutral endopeptidases: possible role in inflammatory diseases of airways. Lung 1990; 168(Suppl): 123–127.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2006 Humana Press Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Gershwin, L.J. (2006). Infectious and Environmental Triggers of Asthma. In: Gershwin, M.E., Albertson, T.E. (eds) Bronchial Asthma. Current Clinical Practice. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59745-014-6:221

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59745-014-6:221

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-604-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59745-014-0

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics