Abstract
Stem cells are key players in the development and maintenance of specific mammalian tissues, and their presence has been long established in blood, skin, and intestine. The discovery of stem cells in the central and peripheral nervous systems (CNS and PNS) is a relatively recent event. First, continued neurogenesis (neuron generation) in the adult pointed to a long-lived progenitor cell (1). Isolation of stem-like cells from the embryonic CNS, including basal forebrain (2,3), cerebral cortex (4), hippocampus (5), spinal cord (6), and the PNS (7) as well as evidence for multipotent, stem-like progenitors in vivo (8–10) indicated that they are important components of the developing nervous system (Fig. 1). Much excitement surrounded the isolation of adult stem cells from known neurogenic (neuron-generating) zones (the subventricular zone and hippocampal dentate gyrus) in rat, primate, and human (reviewed in ref. 11). More recent evidence for continued presence of stem cells in areas not previously considered to be neurogenic, such as the spinal cord (12,13) and neocortex (14,15), suggests that stem cells may be a more widespread feature of the adult nervous system than previously imagined (Fig. 1).
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Temple, S. (2006). Defining Neural Stem Cells and Their Role in Normal Development of the Nervous System. In: Rao, M.S. (eds) Neural Development and Stem Cells. Contemporary Neuroscience. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-914-1:001
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