Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Contemporary Cardiology ((CONCARD))

  • 895 Accesses

Abstract

Accurate differentiation of ventricular and supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is essential for appropriate management. The ECG diagnostic points for tachyarrhythmias are shown in Tables 6.1. and 6.2.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Bibliography

  1. Alboni P, Botto GL, Baldi N, et al. Outpatient treatment of recent-onset atrial fibrillation with the “Pill-in-the-Pocket” approach. N Engl J Med 2004;351:2384–2391.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Alboni P, Tomasi C, Menozzi C, et al. Efficacy and safety of out-of-hospital self-administered single-dose oral drug treatment in the management of infrequent, well-tolerated paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;37:548–553.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Allen BJ, Brodsky MA, Capparelli EV. Magnesium sulfate therapy for sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia. Am J Cardiol 1989;64:1202.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Amiodarone vs. Sotalol Study Group. Multi-centre randomized trial of sotalol vs amiodarone for chronic malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Eur Heart J 1989;10:685.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Anderson JL, Jolivette DM, Fredell PA. Summary of efficacy and safety of flecanide for supraventricular arrhythmias. Am J Cardiol 1988;62:62.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Anderson JL, Platt ML, Guarnieri T, et al. Flecainide acetate forparoxysmal supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. Am J Cardiol 1994;74:578.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Atié J, Bragada P, Bragada J, et al. Clinical and electrophysiologic characteristics of patients with antidromic circus movement tachycardia in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Am J Cardiol 1990;66:1082.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Beckman KJ, Parker RB, Hariman RJ, et al. Hemodynamic and electrophysiological actions of cocaine. Effects of sodium bicarbonate as an antidote in dogs. Circulation 1991;83:1799.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Ben-David J, Zipes DP. Torsades de pointes and proarrhythmia. Lancet 1993;341:1578.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Benditt DG, Williams JH, Jin J, et al., for the d, L-Sotalol Atrial Fibrillation/Flutter Study Group. Maintenance of sinus rhythm with oral d, L-sotalol therapy in patients with symptomatic atrial fibrillation and/ or atrial flutter. Am J Cardiol 1999;84:270–277.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Bisinov E, Mitchell JH, January CT. Potassium and long QT syndrome: a new look at an old therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;42:1783–1784.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Blomstrom-Lundqvist C, Scheinman MM, Aliot EM, et al. American College of Cardiology; American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines; European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines. Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Supraventricular Arrhythmias. ACC/AHA/ESC guidelines for the management of patients with supraventricular arrhythmias—executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Supraventricular Arrhythmias). Circulation. 2003;108:1871–1909.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Bloomfield DM, Steinman RC, Namerow PB, et al. Microvolt T-wave alternans distinguishes between patients likely and patients not likely to benefit from implanted cardiac defibrillator therapy. A solution to the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial (MADIT) II conundrum. Circulation 2004;110:1885–1889.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. The Boston Area Anticoagulation Trial for Atrial Fibrillation Investigators. The effect of low-dose warfarin on the risk of stroke in patients with nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 1990;22:1505.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Bragada P, Bragada J, Mont L, et al. A new approach to the differential diagnosis of a regular tachycardia with a wide QRS complex. Circulation 1991;83:1649.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Breithardt G. Amiodarone in patients with heart failure. N Engl J Med 1995;333:121.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Brodsky M, Doria R, Allen B, et al. New-onset ventricular tachycardia during pregnancy. Am Heart J 1991;123:933.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Burkart F, Pfisterer M, Kiowski W, et al. Effect of antiarrhythmic therapy on mortality in survivors of myocardial infarction with asymptomatic complex ventricular arrhythmias: basel antiarrhythmic study of infarct survival (BASIS). J Am Coll Cardiol 1990;16:1711.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Calkins H, Niklason L, Sousa J, et al. Radiation exposure during radiofrequency catheter ablation of accessory atrioventricular connections. Circulation 1991;84:2376.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Calkins H, Sousa J, el Atassi R, et al. Diagnosis and cure of the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome or paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias during a single electrophysiologic test. N Engl J Med 1991;324:1612–1618.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Calkins H, Yong P, Miller JM, et al., for the Atakr Multicenter Investigators Group. Catheter ablation of accessory pathways, atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia, and the atrioventricular junction: final results of a prospective, multicenter clinical trial. Circulation 1999;99:262–270.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. CAST Investigators (Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial). Preliminary report. Effect of encainide and flecainide on mortality in a randomized trial of arrhythmia suppression after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1989;321:406.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Ceremuzynski L. Secondary prevention after myocardial infarction with class 3 antiarrhythmic drugs. Am J Cardiol 1993;72:82F.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Clague JR, Dagres N, Kottkamp H, et al. Targeting the slow pathway for atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia: initial results and long-term follow-up in 379 consecutive patients. Eur Heart J 2001;22:82–88.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. DiMarco JP, Miles WH, Akhtar M, et al. Adenosine for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia: dose ranging and comparison with verapamil: assessment in placebo-controlled, multicenter trials. The Adenosine for PSVT Study Group. Ann Intern Med 1990;113:104–110.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. DiMarco JP. Adenosine and digoxin. In: Zipes DP, Jalife J, eds. Cardiac Electrophysiology: From Cell to Bedside. Third edition, Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 2000: 933–938.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Dougherty AH, Jackman WM, Naccarelli GV, et al. Acute conversion of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia with intravenous diltiazem. IV Diltiazem Study Group. Am J Cardiol 1992;70:587–592.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Duff HF, Mitchell LB, Kavanagh KM, et al. Amiloride. Antiarrhythmic and electrophysiologic actions in patients with inducible sustained ventricular tachycardia. Circulation 1989;79:1257.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Dusman RE, Stanton MS, Miles WM, et al. Clinical features of amiodarone-induced pulmonary toxicity. Circulation 1990;82:51.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Ferguson JD, DiMarco JP. Contemporary management of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Circulation 2003;107:1096–1099.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Friday KJ, Jackman WM, Lee IK, et al. Sotalol-induced torsades de pointes successfully treated with hemodialysis after failure of conventional therapy. Am Heart J 1991;121:601.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Gage BF, van Walraven C, Pearce L, et al. Selecting patients with atrial fibrillation for anticoagulation: stroke risk stratification in patients taking aspirin. Circulation 2004;110:2287–2292.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Garratt C, Linker N, Griffith M, et al. Comparison of adenosine and verapamil for termination of paroxysmal junctional tachycardia. Am J Cardiol 1989:64:1310.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Go AS, Hylek EM, Chang Y, et al. Anticoagulation therapy for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: how well do randomized trials translate into clinical practice? JAMA 2003;290:2685–2692.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Goldenberg IF, Lewis WR, Dias VC, et al. Intravenous diltiazem for the treatment of patients with atrial fibrillation or flutter and moderate to severe congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol 1994;74:884–889.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Gonzales A, Sager PT, Akil B, et al. Pentamidine-induced torsades de pointes. Am Heart J 1991;122:1489.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Green HL, for the CASCADE Investigators. The CASCADE study: randomized antiarrhythmic drug therapy in survivors of cardiac arrest in Seattle. Am J Cardiol 1993;72:70F.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Greene HL, Roden DM, Katz RJ, et al. The cardiac arrhythmia suppression trial: First CAST ... then CAST-II. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991;19:894.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Griffith MJ, Garratt CJ, Mounsey P, et al. Ventricular tachycardia as default diagnosis in broad complex tachycardia. Lancet 1994;343:386.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Halperin JL. Efficacy and safety study of oral direct thrombin inhibitor ximelagatran compared with dose-adjusted warfarin in the prevention of stroke and systemic embolic events in patients with atrial fibrillation: SPORTIF V. American Heart Association Scientific Sessions, Orlando, FL, November, 2003

    Google Scholar 

  41. Halperin JL. Ximelagatran: Oral direct thrombin inhibition as anticoagulant therapy in atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;45:1–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Hanna IR, Langberg JJ. The shocking story of azimilide. [Editorial] Circulation 2004;110:3624–3626.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Herré JM, Sauve MJ, Malone P, et al. Long-term results of amiodarone therapy in patients with recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 1989;13:442.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Hirsh J, Fuster V, Ansell J, Halperin JL. American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Foundation. American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Foundation guide to warfarin therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;41:1633–1652.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Hohnloser SH, Klingenheben T, Singh BN, et al. Amiodarone-associated poarrhythmic effects. Ann Intern Med 1994;121:529.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Hohnloser SH, Meinertz T, Dammbacher T, et al. Electrocardiographic and antiarrhythmic effects of intra venous amiodarone: results of a prospective, placebo-controlled study. Am Heart J 1991;121:89.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Hohnloser SH, van de Loo A, Baedeker F. Efficacy and proarrhythmic hazards of pharmacologic cardioversion of atrial fibrillation: prospective comparison of sotalol versus quinidine. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995;26:852.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Hohnloser SH, Woosley RL, Wood AJ. Drug therapy, sotalol. N Engl J Med 1994;331:31.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Hood MA, Smith WM. Adenosine versus verapamil in the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia: a randomized double-crossover trial. Am Heart J 1992;123:1543.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Hsu Li-Fern, Jaïs P, Sanders P, et al. Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 2004;351:2373–2383.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Joglar JA, Page RL. Treatment of cardiac arrhythmias during pregnancy: safety considerations. Drug Saf 1999;20:85–94.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Juul-Moller S, Edvardsson N, Rehnqvist-Ahlberg N. Sotalol vs. quinidine for the maintenance of sinus rhythm after direct current conversion of atrial fibrillation. Circulation 1990;82:1932.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Kennedy HL, Brooks MM, Barker AH, et al. Beta blocker therapy in the cardiac arrhythmia suppression trial. Am J Cardiol 1994;74:674.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Khan MG. Arrhythmias. In Khan MG. Heart disease, diagnosis, and therapy. Baltimore, MD, Williams & Wilkins, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Khand AU, Rankin AC, Martin W, Taylor J, Gemmell I, Cleland JG. Carvedilol alone or in combination with digoxin for the management of atrial fibrillation in patients with heart failure? J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;42:1944–1951.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Kottkamp H, Hindricks G, Autschbach R, et al. Specific linear left atrial lesions in atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;40:475–480.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Kowey PR, Levine JH, Herré JM, et al. Randomized, double-blind comparison of intravenous amiodarone and bretylium in the treatment of patients with recurrent, hemodynamically destablizing ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation. Circulation 1995;92:3255.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Kubac G, Klinke WP, Grace M. Randomized double blind trial ring sotalol and propranolol in chronic ventricular arrhythmia. Can J Cardiol 1988;4:355.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Kunze KP, Schluter M, Kuck KH. Sotalol in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Circulation 1987;75:1050–1057.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Lauer MR. Dofetilide: Is the treatment worse than the disease? J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;37:1106–1110.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Lazzara R. Amiodarone and torsade de pointes. Ann Intern Med 1989;111:549.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Leenhardt A, Glasser E, Burguera M, et al. Short-coupled variant of variant of torsade de pointes: a new electrocardiographic entity in the spectrum of idiopathic ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Circulation 1994;89:206.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Lip GY, Kamath S. Thromboprophylaxis for atrial flutter. Eur Heart J 2001;22:984–987.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Lydakis C, Lip GY, Beevers M, et al. Atenolol and fetal growth in pregnancies complicated by hypertension. Am J Hypertens 1999;12:541–547.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Man KC, Williamson BD, Niebauer M, et al. Electrophysiologic effects of sotalol and amiodarone in patients with sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia. Am J Cardiol 1994;74:1119.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Marcus FI. The hazards of using type 1C antiarrhythmic drugs for the treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol 1990;66:366.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Marza I, James S, and Holt P. Biatrial pacing for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;40:457–463.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Mason JW. On behalf of the ESVEM investigators. A comparison of 7 anti-arrhythmic drugs in patients with ventricular tachy-arrhythmia. N Engl J Med 1993;329:452.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Mattioni TA, Zheutlin TA, Sarmiento JJ, et al. Amiodarone in patients with previous drug-mediated torsades de pointes. Ann Intern Med 1989;111:574.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Mehta A-V, Chidambaram B. Efficacy and safety of intravenous and oral nadolol for supraventricular tachycardia in children. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992;19:630.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Meissner MD, Akhtar M, Lehmann MH, et al. Nonischemic sudden tachyarrhythmic death in atherosclerotic heart disease. Circulation 1991;84:905.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Molnar J, Zhang F, Weiss J, et al. Diurnal pattern of QTc interval: how long is prolonged? Possible relation to circadian triggers of cardiovascular events. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996;27:76.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Moss AJ, Robinson J. Clinical features of the idiopathic long QT syndrome. Circulation 1991;85(Suppl I):1–140.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Myers M, Peter T, Weiss D, et al. Benefit and risks of long-term amiodarone therapy for sustained ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation: minimum of three-year follow-up in 145 patients. Am Heart J 1990;119:8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Nademanee K, McKenzie J, Kosar E, et al. A new approach for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: mapping of the electrophysiologic substrate. J Am Col Cardiol 2004;43:2044–2053.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. Nalos PC, Ismail Y, Pappas JM. Intravenous amiodarone for short-term treatment of refractory ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation. Am Heart J 1991;122:1629.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Nora M, Zipes DP. Emperic use of amiodarone and sotalol. Am J Cardiol 1993;72:62F.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Ochi RP, Goldenberg IF, Almquist A, et al. Intravenous amiodarone for the rapid treatment of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias in critically ill patients with coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 1989;64:599.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Olsson SB. Executive Steering Committee on behalf of the SPORTIF III Investigators. Stroke prevention with the oral direct thrombin inhibitor ximelagatran compared with warfarin in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (SPORTIF III): randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2003;362:1691–1698.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Orejarena LA, Vidaillet H Jr, DeStefano F, et al. Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia in the general population. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998;31:150–157.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Ozcan C, Jahangir A, Friedman PA, et al. Sudden death after radiofrequency ablation of the atrioventricular node in patients with atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;40:105–110.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Page RL. Newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2004;351:2408–2416.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Pappone C, Rosanio S, Augello G, et al. morbidity and mortality and quality of life after circumferential pulmonary vein ablation for atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;42:185–197.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Pappone C, Santinelli V, Rosanio S, et al. Usefulness of invasive electrophysiologic testing to stratify the risk of arrhythmic events in asymptomatic patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White pattern: results from a large prospective long-term follow-up study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;41:239–244.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Peters NS, Schilling RJ, Kanagaratnam P, et al. Atrial fibrillation: Strategies to control, combat, and cure. Lancet 2002;359:593–603.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Pitt B. The role of P-adrenergic blocking agents in preventing sudden cardiac death. Circulation 1992;85(Suppl I):1–107.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Rankin AC, Pringle SD, Cobbe SM. Acute treatment of torsades de pointes with amiodarone proarrhythmic and antiarrhythmic association of QT prolongation. Am Heart J 1990;119:185.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Rankin AC, Pringle SD, Cobbe SM, et al. Amiodarone and torsades de pointes. Am Heart J 1990;120:1482.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  89. Saksena S. For the PCD investigator group: clinical outcome of patient with malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmias and a multi-programmable implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implanted with or without thoracotomy: an international multi-centre study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1994;23:1521.

    Google Scholar 

  90. Saksena, S., Prakash, A., Ziegler, P. et al. Improved suppression of recurrent atrial fibrillation with dual site right atrial pacing and antiarrhythmic drug therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;40:1140–1150.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Scheinman MM, Huang S. The 1998 NASPE prospective catheter ablation registry. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2000;23:1020–1028.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Schreck DM, Rivera AR, Tricarico VJ. Emergency management of atrial fibrillation and flutter: intravenous diltiazem versus intravenous digoxin. Ann Emerg Med 1997;29:135–140.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Schwartz PJ, Locati EH, Moss AJ, et al. Left cardiac sympathetic denervation in the therapy of congenital long QT syndrome. Circulation 1991;84:503.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Seidl K, Hauer B, Schwick NG, et al. Risk of thromboembolic events in patients with atrial flutter. Am J Cardiol 1998;82:580–583.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Shettigar UR, Toole JG, O’Came Appunn D. Combined use of esmolol and digoxin in the acute treatment of atrial fibrillation or flutter. Am Heart J 1993;126:368.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Siebels J, Cappato R, Ruppel R, et al. for the CASH Study. Preliminary results of the Cardiac Arrest Study Hamburg (CASH). Am J Cardiol 1993;72:109F.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Singer I, Al-Khalidi H, Niazi I, et al. Related Articles, Links Azimilide decreases recurrent ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43:39–43.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Singh BN. When is QT prolongation antiarrhythmic and when is it proarrhythmic? Am J Cardiol 1989;63:867.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Singh SN, Cohen A, Chen Y, et al. Sotalol for refractory sustained ventricular tachycardia and nonfatal cardiac arrest. Am J Cardiol 1988;62:399.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Singh SN, Fletcher RD, Gross Fisher S, et al. Amiodarone in patients with congestive heart failure and asymptomatic ventricular arrhythmia. N Eng J Med 1995;333:77.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Singh S, Zoble RG, Yellen L, et al. Efficacy and safety of oral dofetilide in converting to and maintaining sinus rhythm in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter: the symptomatic atrial fibrillation investigative research on dofetilide (SAFIRE-D) study. Circulation 2000;102:2385–2390.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Siscovick DS, Raghunathan TE, Psaty BM, et al. Diuretic therapy for hypertension and the risk of primary cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med 1994;330:1852.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. SPORTIF Executive Steering Committee for the SPORTIF V Investigators. Ximelagatran vs Warfarin for Stroke Prevention in Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: A Randomized Trial. JAMA 2005;293:690–698.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  104. Stambler BS, Wood MA, Ellenbogen KA, et al., for the Ibutilide Repeat Dose Study Investigators. Efficacy and safety of repeated intravenous doses of ibutilide for rapid conversion of atrial flutter or fibrillation. Circulation 1996;94:1613–1621.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Steurer G, Gursoi S, Frey B, et al. Differential diagnosis on the electrocardiogram between ventricular tachycardia and preexcited tachycardia. Clin Cardiol 1994;17:306.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Stratmann HG, Kennedy HL. Torsades de pointes associated with drugs and toxins: recognition and management. Am Heart J 1987;13:1470.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  107. Tendera M, Wnuk-Wojnar AM, Kulakowski P, et al. Efficacy and safety of dofetilide in the prevention of symptomatic episodes of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia: a 6-month double-blind comparison with propafenone and placebo. Am Heart J 2001;142:93–98.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Tobé TJ, de Langen Lees DJ, Bink-Boelkens ME, et al. Late potentials in a bradycardia-dependent long QT syndrome associated with sudden death during sleep. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992;19:541.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Tzivoni D, Banai S, Schuger C, et al. Magnesium sulfate therapy for sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia. Circulation 1988;77:392.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. van der Hooft CS, Heeringa J, van Herpen G, et al. Drug-induced atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;44:2117–2124.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Verheugt FW. Can we pull the plug on warfarin in atrial fibrillation? Lancet 2003 22;362:1686–1687.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  112. Volgman AS, Carberry PA, Stambler B, et al. Conversion efficacy and safety of intravenous ibutilide compared with intravenous procainamide in patients with atrial flutter or fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998;31:1414–1419.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Wanless RS, Anderson K, Joy M, et al. Multicenter comparative study of the efficacy and safety of sotalol in the prophylactic treatment of patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. Am Heart J 1997;133:441–446.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Wilson JS, Podrid PJ. Side effects from amiodarone. Am Heart J 1991;121:158.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Winniford MD, Fulton KL, Hillis LD. Long-term therapy of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia: a randomized, double-blind comparison of digoxin, propranolol and verapamil. Am J Cardiol 1984;54:1138–1139.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Wyse DG, Gersh BJ. Atrial fibrillation: a perspective: thinking inside and outside the box. Circulation 2004;109:3089–3095.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  117. Yeh SJ, Lin FC, Chou YY, et al. Termination of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia with a single oral dose of diltiazem and propranolol. Circulation 1985;71:104–109.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Yellin NL, Drew B J, Scheinman MM. Safety and efficacy of central intravenous bolus administration of adenosine for termination of supraventricular tachycardia. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993;22:741.

    Google Scholar 

  119. Zehender M, Hohnloser S, Müller B, et al. Effects of amiodarone versus quinidine and verapamil in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation: results of a comparative study and a 2-year follow-up. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992;19:1054.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Zimetbaum P, Josephson ME. Current concepts: evaluation of patients with palpitations. N Engl J Med 1998;338:1369–1373.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2005 Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

(2005). Arrhythmias. In: Heart Disease Diagnosis and Therapy. Contemporary Cardiology. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-868-4:213

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-868-4:213

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-439-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-868-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics