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Radiation Biology and Therapy of Tumors of the Central Nervous System

  • Chapter
Book cover Brain Tumors

Part of the book series: Contemporary Cancer Research ((CCR))

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Abstract

Interaction of ionizing radiation with any biological material results in uneven energy deposition, which results in a variety of chemical modifications. This is the direct action of radiation that predominates for particulate radiation (protons, neutrons, or α-particles). Another mechanism is the interaction of a photon with orbital electrons of the absorbing intracellular medium, of which water molecules are the most common. This interaction ejects fast electrons from outer shells that create multiple ionizations along their tracks. This mechanism, the indirect action of radiation, is the predominant one for X-rays and γ-rays. The initial ionization occurs in 10−15 seconds while ion radicals and free radicals exist for only 10−10 to 10−5 s. The consequences of radiation-induced chemical alterations may not be expressed for hours or days, if the parameter is cell killing; and potentially years if genetic changes are not manifest until following generations (56).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Brain Tumor Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA

    Nalin Gupta MD, PhD, John R. Fike PhD & Dennis F. Deen PhD

  2. Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA

    John R. Fike PhD, Penny K. Sneed MD & Dennis F. Deen PhD

  3. Molecular Radiation Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD

    Philip J. Tofilon PhD

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  1. Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC

    Francis Ali-Osman DSc

  2. Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC

    Francis Ali-Osman DSc

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Gupta, N., Fike, J.R., Sneed, P.K., Tofilon, P.J., Deen, D.F. (2005). Radiation Biology and Therapy of Tumors of the Central Nervous System. In: Ali-Osman, F. (eds) Brain Tumors. Contemporary Cancer Research. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-843-9:279

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