Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is associated with cognitive, physical, and functional impairments and is a major source of disability among the elderly (1,2). Much of the disability reported among patients with VaD is attributable to declines in activities of daily living (ADLs). ADLs are composed of instrumental and basic self-care abilities (IADLs and BADLs, respectively); IADLs include complex behaviors, such as cooking, housekeeping, and medication management, and BADLs include more basic tasks, such as grooming and feeding (3). ADL impairments result in a diminished quality of life for patients and their caregivers (4) and an increased use of healthcare services (5). ADL dysfunction also often precipitates nursing home placement (5,6).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Aguero-Torres HL, Fratiglioni L, Winblad B. Natural history of Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias: review of the literature in the light of the findings from the Kungsholmen Project. Intl J Geriatric Psychiatry 1998;13:755–66.
Cummings JL. Vascular subcortical dementias: clinical aspects. Dementia 1994;5:177–180.
Lawton MP, Brody EM. Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. Geron-tologist 1969;9:179–86.
Severson MA, Smith GE, Tangalos EG, et al. Patterns and predictors of institutionalization in community-based dementia patients. J Amer Geriatrics Soc 1994;42:181–185.
Hope T, Keene J, Gedling K, Fairburn CG, Jacoby R. Predictors of institutionalization for people with dementia living at home with a carer. Intl J Geriatric Psychiatry 1998;13:682–690.
Vetter PH, Krauss S, Steiner O, et al. Vascular dementia versus dementia of Alzheimer’s type: do they have differential effects on caregivers’ burden? J Gerontol Behav Psychol Sci Soc 1999;54:S93–S98.
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic criteria from the DSM-IV-TR. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 2000, pp. 90–91.
Roman GC, Tatemichi TK, Erkinjutti T, et al. Vascular dementia: diagnostic criteria for research studies. Report of the NINDS-AIREN International Workshop. Neurology 1993;43:250–260.
Gauthier S, Rockwood K, Gelinas I, et al. Outcome measures for the study of activities of daily living in vascular dementia. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 1999;13(Suppl 3),143–147.
Lawton MP, Brody EM. Assessment of older people; self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. Geron-tologist 1969;9(3): 179–186.
DeJong R, Osterland O, Roy G. Measurement of quality of life changes in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Clin Ther 1989;11:545–554.
Gelinas L, Gauthier L, McIntyre M, Gauthier S. Development of a functional measure for persons with Alzheimer’s disease. Amer J Occup Ther 1999;53:471–481.
Galasko D, Bennet D, Sano M, et al. An inventory to assess activities of daily living for clinical trials in Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 1997;11:S33–S39.
Erkinjuntti T, Lilienfeld S. Galantamine shows efficacy in patients with Alzheimer’s disease with cerebrovascular components or probable vascular dementia. Neurology 2001;56(Suppl 3):A340.
Kitter B, for the European/Canadian Propentofylline Study Group. Clinical trials of Propentofylline in vascular dementia. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 1999;13(Suppl 3):S166–S171.
Nyenhuis DL, Gorelick PB, Freels S, Garron D. Cognitive and functional decline in African Americans with VaD, AD, and stroke without dementia. Neurology 2002;58:56–61.
Boyle P, Paul R, Moser D, Cohen R. Executive dysfunction predicts ADL declines in patients with vascular dementia. Clin Neuropsychol 2004:in press.
Mitnitski AB, Graham JE, Mogilner AJ, Rockwood K. The rate of decline in function in Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias. J Gerontolog Biolog Sci Med Soc 1999;54:M65–M69.
Paul RH, Cohen RA, Moser D, Browndike J, Zawacki T, Gordon N. Performance on the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale in patients with vascular dementia: relationships to neuroimaging findings. J Geriatric Psychiatry Neurol 2001;14:33–36.
Tomaszewski Farias S, Mackin S, Mungas D, Reed B, Jagust W. Differences in degree of impaired daily functioning in different dementia types [abstract]. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2001;17:735.
Almkvist O. Neuropsychological deficits in vascular dementia in relation to Alzheimer’s disease: reviewing evidence for functional similarity or divergence. Dementia 1994;5(3–4):203–209.
Libon DL, Bogdanoff B, Swenson R, et al. Neuropsychological profiles associated with subcortical white matter alterations and Parkinson’s disease: Implications for the diagnosis of dementia. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2001;16:19–32.
Roman GC, Royall DR. Executive control function: a rational basis for the diagnosis of vascular dementia. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 1999;13(S3):69–80.
Royall DR, Roman DC. Differentiation of vascular dementia from Alzheimer’s disease on neuropsychological tests. Neurology 2000;55:604–606.
Bell-McGinty S, Podell K, Franzen M, Baird A, Williams M. Standard measures of executive function in predicting IADLs in older adults. Intl J Geriatric Psychiatry 2002;17(9):828–834.
Grigsby J, Kaye K, Baxter J, Shetterly S, Hamman R. Executive cognitive abilities and functional status among community-dwelling older persons in the San Luis Valley Health and Aging Study. J Amer Geriatric Soc. 1998;46:590–596.
Boyle P, Malloy P, Salloway S, Cahn-Weiner D, Cohen R, Cummings JL. Executive dysfunction and apathy predict functional impairment in Alzheimer disease. Amer J Geriatric Psychiatry 2003;11:214–221.
Chen ST, Sultzer DL, Hinkin C, Mahler M, Cummings JE. Executive dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease: association with neuropsychiatric symptoms and functional impairment. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 1998;10:426–132.
Norton LE, Malloy PF, Salloway S. The impact of behavioral symptoms on activities of daily living in patients with dementia. Amer J Geriatric Psychiatry 2001;9:41–48.
Lezak MD. Neuropsychological Assessment. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, Inc., 1995.
Boyle P, Cohen R, Paul R, Moser D, Gordon N. Cognitive and motor impairments predict functional declines in vascular dementia. International J Geriatric Psychiatry, 2002;17:164–169.
Boyle P, Paul R, Moser D, Zawacki T, Gordon N, Cohen R. Cognitive and neurologic predictors of functional impairment in vascular dementia. Amer J Geriatric Psychiatry 2003;11:103–106.
Bennett HP, Corbett AJ, Gaden S, Grayson DA, Kril JJ, Broe GA. Subcortical vascular disease and functional decline: a 6-year predictor study. J Amer Geriatric Soc, 2002;50:1969–1977
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2005 Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Boyle, P.A., Cahn-Weiner, D. (2005). Functional Impairment in Vascular Dementia. In: Paul, R.H., Cohen, R., Ott, B.R., Salloway, S. (eds) Vascular Dementia. Current Clinical Neurology. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-824-2:171
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-824-2:171
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-366-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-824-3
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)