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Plague Vaccines

Retrospective Analysis and Future Developments

  • Chapter
Biological Weapons Defense

Part of the book series: Infectious Disease ((ID))

Abstract

Plague has had a long and remarkable association with humankind, causing incalculable pain and suffering, thus it should not be surprising that some of the first vaccine efforts were directed against this dreaded disease. The first effective plague vaccines were developed through the efforts of the Pasteur Institute in the late 1890s. Although the first products were whole-cell killed vaccines, live-attenuated plague vaccines soon followed. Both types of vaccines met with varying degrees of success. The true efficacy of these early vaccines remains difficult to determine as no large controlled efficacy trials were recorded. These early vaccine products were empirical attempts to prevent disease given at a time when the pathogenesis of the organism and the basis for immunity were not fully understood. Although more than 100 yr has passed since these initial attempts, we still do not have an effective licensed human plague vaccine with demonstrated efficacy against both bubonic and pneumonic plague, with acceptable reactogenicity, nor a full understanding of pathogenesis or the true nature of immunity to the disease. Our understanding of plague immunity in humans is hampered by the lack of established correlates between observations in animal models and humans. Furthermore, it is clear that vaccines that protect against bubonic plague may not protect against pneumonic plague. A significant effort was made to accurately describe older plague vaccines and establish a more fundamental understanding of how the next plague vaccine should/should not be designed. This chapter is a summary of plague vaccine development, a discussion of our current understanding of immunity to plague, and recent attempts to develop a safe and effective plague vaccine with an eye toward the future.

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  1. Bacteriology Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD

    Jeffrey J. Adamovicz PhD, LTC, USA & Gerard P. Andrews PhD, LTC, USA

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  1. Jeffrey J. Adamovicz PhD, LTC, USA
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  1. Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate, National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Fort Detrick, MD

    Luther E. Lindler PhD  & George W. Korch PhD (Deputy Director) &  (Deputy Director)

  2. Department of Bacterial Diseases, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD

    Luther E. Lindler PhD

  3. Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD

    Frank J. Lebeda PhD

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Adamovicz, J.J., Andrews, G.P. (2005). Plague Vaccines. In: Lindler, L.E., Lebeda, F.J., Korch, G.W. (eds) Biological Weapons Defense. Infectious Disease. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-764-5:121

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