Abstract
This chapter looks at social struggles over citizenship and democratic participation in relation to urban policy and governance in Denmark and in Copenhagen in particular. If one agrees, as we do, with the general message propounded by Young, Phillips and others in this volume that the analysis of democratic participation and political citizenship cannot be separated from issues of (re)distribution and social citizenship, then urban policy is very useful to highlight this issue in empirical studies. The complexity of urban policy is clearly illustrated by the relationship between inclusive democratic governance and its linkages to different scales of politics and space ranging from neighbourhood to city, regional, national and transnational levels. The message of this chapter is that contemporary urban democracy can be characterised by a striking duality between:
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1.
New urban entrepreneurial governance in the form of neo-elitist/ corporative market-driven strategic growth strategies, which target investors and operate on a transnational scale. This type of ‘growth governance’ is based on notions of the entrepreneurial city.
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The new urban social (’neighbourhood welfare’) governance consisting of empowering inclusion-oriented community strategies, which target deprived districts and neighbourhoods and create a new democratic terrain open to social mobilisation. This ‘empowerment governance’ (Fotel and Andersen, 2003) trend is based on notions of the inclusive city. In many cases, it involves elements of deliberative democracy and politics of empowerment and inclusion.
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Andersen, J., Larsen, J.E. (2004). Social Polarisation and Urban Democratic Governance. In: Andersen, J., Siim, B. (eds) The Politics of Inclusion and Empowerment. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403990013_13
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403990013_13
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