Abstract
In November 1950, the Truman administration reinvigorated its dispersal campaign. Because some legislators preferred decentralization to dispersal, the General Services Administration (GSA) began preparing a companion plan to permanently relocate some Washington-based agencies.1 Other legislators had questioned the attempt to vet dispersal through the appropriations committees, so GSA Administrator Jess Larson asked the chairs of the Public Works Committees, which oversaw federal buildings and construction, to introduce new dispersal bills. Both men, Sen. Dennis Chavez (D-N.Mex.) and Rep. Will Whittington (D-Miss.), said yes.2
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Notes
Clay Blair, The Forgotten War: America in Korea, 1950–1953 (New York: Times Books, 1987), 421; Symington to Larson, December 8, 1950, box 4, folder “General Services Administration,” RG 304, Letters Sent to Government Agencies.
Pamela Scott and Antoinette J. Lee, Buildings of the District of Columbia (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993), 186.
Stein to Holland, undated, reprinted in Senate Committee on Public Works, Dispersal of Federal Buildings, Hearings before the Senate Committee on Public Works, Subcommittee on Public Buildings, 81st Cong., 2nd sess., December 13, 14, and 18, 1950, 106. For more on Stein’s efforts to couple planned communities to dispersal, see Kermit Carlyle Parsons, ed., The Writings of Clarence S. Stein: Architect of the Planned Community (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998), 503–6, 567–8, 592.
Robert A. Caro, Master of the Senate (New York: Knopf, 2002), 592, 611, 933.
N.J. McCamley, Cold War Secret Nuclear Bunkers: the Passive Defence of the Western World during the Cold War (South Yorkshire, U.K.: Leo Cooper, 2002), 6–9; GlobalSecurity.org, “Site R-Raven Rock,” accessed July 5, 2005 at <http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/facility/raven-rock.htm>.
Dean Acheson, Present at the Creation; My Tears in the State Department (New York: W.W. Norton, 1969), 140–1.
William Seale, The President’s House: A History vol. II (Washington, D.C.: White House Historical Association, 1986), 980–4; L.C. Chamberlin to Thorn, December 21, 1950, box 7, folder “White House East Wing Alterations Project 49–100–9”; W.E. Reynolds to Dennison, January 25, 1951, box 4, folder “Confidential Reading File of the Supervising Architect,” RG 121, REM.
Seale, President’s House, 1025–31; Bess Furman, White House Profile; A Social History of the White House, Its Occupants and Its Festivities (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1951), 334; U.S., Commission on Renovation of the Executive Mansion, Report, Compiled Under Direction of the Commission by Edwin Bateman Morris (Washington, D.C.: USGPO, 1952), 35–42; James Webb to Truman, December 27, 1948, box 150, folder “Budget Misc. 1945–53 (folder 41. Seale, President’s House, 1031;
William B. Bushong, “Lorenzo Simmons Winslow: Architect of the White House, 1933–1952,” White House History 5 (Spring 1999): 23–32;
William J. Moyer, “The Man behind the White House Remodeling,” WS Sunday Magazine, December 16, 1951, 14–5.
Thorn, July 27, 1950; Winslow to Thorn, August 18, 1950; Thorn memorandum, December 21, 1950, box 4, folder “Confidential Reading File of the Supervising Architect,” RG 121, REM. The East Wing shelter was four levels below the executive mansion’s first or state floor, according to Michael R Beschloss, The Crisis Tears: Kennedy and Khrushchev, 1960–1963 (New York: Edward Burlingame, 1991), 476.
David Miller, The Cold War: A Military History (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1998), 72.
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© 2006 David F. Krugler
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Krugler, D.F. (2006). Downtown, Out of Town, or Underground?. In: This is only a Test. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403983060_6
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