Abstract
Historically, the most important aspect of race relations in the United States has been the reluctance of Anglo-whites to accept other ethnic groups as their equals. Codified in 1789 as the “three-fifths” clause of Article I of the Constitution, this attitude guided political practice for one hundred years after the abolition of slavery by the Thirteenth Amendment and for nearly a century after the Fifteenth Amendment established the right of citizens to vote regardless of race.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Allen, Richard L, Michael C. Dawson, and Ronald E. Brown. 1989. A schema-based approach to modeling an African-American racial belief system. American Political Science Review 83 (June):421–441.
Anderson, Elijah. 1999. The social situation of the Black executive: Black and white identities in the corporate world. In The Cultural Territories of Race, ed. Michèle Lamont, 3–29. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Rarnett, Marguerite Ross. 1975. The CBC. Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science 32:34–50.
Bositis, David A. 1994. The Congressional Black Caucus in the 103rd Congress. Washington, DC: Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies.
Brady, David W, and Charles S. Bullock III. 1981. Coalition politics in the House of Representatives. In Congress Reconsidered, 2nd ed., ed. Lawrence Dodd and Bruce Oppenheimer. Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Press.
Caplow, Theodore. 1956. A theory of coalitions in the triad. American Sociological Review 19:23–29.
Clausen, Aage. 1973. How Congressmen Decide. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
Cranford, Janet R. 1992. The new class: More diverse, less lawyerly, younger. Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report, 7–10.
Cruz, José E. 2000. Interminority relations in urban settings: Lessons from the Black-Puerto Rican experience. In Black and Multiracial Politics in America, ed. Yvette M. Aiex-Assensoh and Lawrence J. Hanks, 84–112. New York: New York University Press.
Dawson, Michael C. 1999. “Dis beat disrupts”: Rap ideology, and Black political attitudes. In The Cultural Territories of Race, ed. Michèle Lamont, 318–342. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Deleon, Richard. 1991. The progressive urban regime: Ethnic coalitions in San Francisco. In Racial and Ethnic Politics in California, ed. Bryan O. Jackson and Michael B. Preston, 157–192. Berkeley: IGS Press.
DeSipio, Louis. 1996. More than the sum of its parts: The building blocks of a pan-ethnic Latino identity. In The Politics of Minority Coalitions, ed. Wilbur C. Rich, 177–189. Westport, CT: Praeger.
Ehrenhalt, Alan. 1977. Black Caucus: A wary Carter ally. Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report 35 (May 21):967–972.
Fiellin, Allan. 1962. The functions of informal groups in legislative institutions. Journal of Politics 24 (February):72–91.
Fuchs, Lawrence H. 1990. The reaction of Black Americans to immigration. In Immigration Reconsidered: History, Sociology, and Politics, ed. Virginia Yans-McLaughlin, 293–314. New York: Oxford University Press.
Gamboa, Suzanne, 2003. Republican Hispanics form own congressional group. San Diego Union-Tribune, September 12, 2003. http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/politics/20030318–1600-republicanhispanics.html.
Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. 1994. Colored People. New York: Vintage Books.
Gile, Roxanne L., and Charles E. Jones. 1995. Congressional racial solidarity: Exploring Congressional Black Caucus voting cohesion, 1971–1990. Journal of Black Studies 25:622–641.
Gossett, Thomas F. 1997. Race, The History of an Idea in America. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hammond, Susan W, 1989. Congressional caucuses and the policy process. In Congress Reconsidered, ed. Lawrence Dodd and Bruce Oppenheimer. Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Press.
Hammond, Susan W., Arthur G. Stevens Jr., and Daniel P. Mulholland. 1983. Congressional caucuses: Legislators as lobbyists. In Interest Group Politics, ed. Allan J. Cigler and Burdett A. Loomis, 275–295. Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Press.
Hero, Rodney, and Caroline Tolbert. 1995. Latinos and substantive representation in the U.S. House of Representatives: Direct, indirect, or nonexistent? American journal of Political Science 39 (August):640–652.
Hinckley, Barbara. 1981. Coalitions and Politics. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
Hojnacki, Marie. 1997. Interest groups’ decisions to join alliances or work alone. American Journal of Political Science 41 (January):61–87.
Hula, Kevin W. 1999. Lobbying Together: Interest Group Coalitions in Legislative Politics. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
Jennings, James. 1992. New urban racial and ethnic conflicts in United States politics. SAGE Race Relations Abstracts 17, no. 3 (August):3–36.
Jones, Charles E. 1987. United we stand, divided we fall: An analysis of the Congressional Black Caucus’s voting behavior, 1975–1980. Phylon 48:26–37.
—. 1985. Three conditions for effective Black participation in the legislative process: An inquiry of the CBC, 1971–1982. Ph.D. diss., Washington State University.
Kamasaki, Charles, and Raul Yzaguirre. 1994–95. Black-Hispanic tensions: One perspective. Journal of Intergroup Relations 21, no. 4 (Winter):17–40.
Kerr, Brinck, and Will Miller. 1997. Latino representation, it’s direct and indirect. American Journal of Political Science 41:1066–1071.
Kingdon, John. 1973. Congressmen’s Voting Decisions, 2nd ed. New York: Harper and Row.
Lew, Arthur B., and Susan Stoudinger. 1978. The Black Caucus in the 92nd Congress: Gauging its success. Phylon 39:322–332.
Loomis, Burdett A. 1986. Coalitions of interests: Building bridges in the Balkanized state. In Interest Group Politics, 2nd ed., ed. Allan J. Cigler and Burdett A. Loomis, 258–274. Washington, DC: CQ Press.
—. 1981. Congressional caucuses and the politics of representation. In Congress Reconsidered, 2nd ed., ed. Lawrence Dodd and Bruce Oppenheimer, 204–220. Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Press.
McClain, Paula D. 1996. Coalition and competition: Patterns of Black-Latino relations in urban politics. In The Politics of Minority Coalitions, ed. Wilbur C. Rich, 53–63. Westport, CT: Praeger.
Matthews, Donald, and James Stimson. 1975. Yeas and Nays: Normal Decision Making in the U.S. House of Representatives. New York: John Wiley.
Menifield, Charles E. 1998. A loose coalition or a united front: Voting behavior within the Congressional Hispanic Caucus. Latino Studies Journal 9, no. 2 (Spring):26–44.
Miller, Cheryl. 1990. Agenda-setting by state legislative Black caucuses: Policy priorities and factors of success. Policy Studies Review 9:339–354.
Myrdal, Gunnar. 1962. An American Dilemma. New York: Pantheon Books.
Richardson, Sula P. 1993. Caucuses and LSOs of the 103rd Congress. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service.
—. 1993a. LSOs: An Informational Directory. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service.
—. 1990. Caucuses and Legislative Service Organizations of the 101st Congress: An Information Directory. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service.
Rich, Wilbur C. 1996. Introduction. In The Politics of Minority Coalitions, ed. Wilbur C. Rich, 1–9. Westport, CT: Praeger.
Singh, Robert. 1998. The Congressional Black Caucus: Racial Politics in the U.S. Congress. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Stevens, Arthur G., Daniel P. Mulholland, and Paul S. Rundquist. 1981. U.S. congressional structure and representation: The role of informal groups. Legislative Studies Quarterly 6:415–437.
Swain, Carol M. 1995. Black Faces, Black Interests: The Representation of African Americans in Congress. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Torres, Andres. 1995. Between Melting Pot and Mosaic: African Americans and Puerto Ricam in the New York Political Economy. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Uhlaner, Carole J. 1991. Perceived discrimination and prejudice and the coalition prospects of Blacks, Latinos, and Asian Americans. In Racial and Ethnic Politics in California, ed. Bryan O. Jackson and Michael B. Preston, 339–371. Berkeley, CA: IGS Press.
U.S. Congress, Committee on House Administration, Ad Hoc Subcommittee on Legislative Service Organizations. 1982. Report of the Ad Hoc Subcommittee on Legislative Service Organizations of the Committee on House Administration, House of Representatives. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
Vega, Arturo. 1993. Variations and sources of group cohesiveness in the Black and Hispanic congressional caucuses. Latino Studies Journal 4, no. 1 (January):79–92.
Vigil, Maurilio E. 1997. Hispanics in the 103rd Congress: The 1990 census, reapportionment, redistricting, and the 1992 elections. In Pursuing Power: Latinos and the Political System, ed. E Chris García, 234–264. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.
Waldinger, Roger. 1996. Still the Promised City? African-Americans and New Immigrants in Postindustrial New York. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Wallace, Amy, and Stephanie Chavez. 1992. Understanding the riots six months later. Los Angeles Times, November 16.
Wallison, Ethan, and John Mercurio. 2001. Caucus’ move could limit Hispanic gains, challengers unhappy with decision. Roll Call, April 23.
Watts, Jerry Gafio. 1996. Blacks and coalition politics: A theoretical reconceptualization. In The Politics of Minority Coalitions, ed. Wilbur C. Rich, 35–51. Westport, CT: Praeger.
Weisberg, Herbert E 1978. Evaluating theories of congressional roll-call voting. American Journal of Political Science 22:554–577.
Weisberg, Herbert E, Jon A. Krosnick, and Bruce D. Bowen. 1989. An Introduction to Survey Research and Data Analysis. 2nd ed. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman.
Wilson, William J. 1987. The Truly Disadvantaged. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Zack, Naomi. 1993. Race and Mixed Race. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Editor information
Copyright information
© 2005 Anani Dzidzienyo and Suzanne Oboler
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Cruz, J.E. (2005). Interminority Relations in Legislative Settings: The Case of African Americans and Latinos. In: Dzidzienyo, A., Oboler, S. (eds) Neither Enemies nor Friends. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403982636_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403982636_12
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, New York
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-52901-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4039-8263-6
eBook Packages: Palgrave Social & Cultural Studies CollectionSocial Sciences (R0)