Skip to main content

The Technology of Difference: ASCII, Hegemony, and the Internet

  • Chapter
Communities of Difference
  • 81 Accesses

Abstract

Saturday night. My partner, Yuka, is translating Orphan at My Door by Canadian Children’s author Jean Little into Japanese2 (Little, 2001). Her plan is to translate it into a web-page diary in a format known as a blog (Cooper, 2001; Power, 2001). Blogging will allow her to maintain an on-line journal, where each entry is not just a static web page, but forms part of a chronologically ordered interactive database. A group of Japanese scholars, friends, and her editor will be able to follow the progress and make suggestions, and the finished product will be downloaded by the publisher and printed. A novel approach, to translate an orphan’s diary using an on-line diary-writing tool.

ASCII stands for American Standard Code for Information Exchange, and is the encoding method by which most text-based information moves around the Internet.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Bibliography

  • Anonymous. (2001). alt.2600 FAQ Revision .014 (1/4) [HTML], May, 29, 2000 [cited October 1, 2001]. Available from http://www.faqs.org/faqs/alt-2600/faq/.

  • Babcock, Jim. (2001). 2600- a what is definition [HTML], July 21, 2001 [cited October 1, 2001]. Available from http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/0„sid9_gci211496,00.html.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baudrillard, Jean. (1988). Simulacra and Simulations. In Selected Writings, ed. M. Poster. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berners-Lee, Tim. (2001). Tim Berners-Lee: A Short History of Web Development. 1998 [cited August 2, 2001]. Available from http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/ShortHistory.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruckman, Amy. (1998). MOOSE Crossing: Construction, Community, and Learning in a Networked Virtual World for Kids. [Web page, PhD Dissertation] 1997 [cited 1998]. Available from http://www.cc.gatech.edu/fac/Amy.Bruckman/thesis/index.html.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. (1999). Identity Workshop: Emergent Social And Psychological Phenomena in Text-Based Virtual Reality [Postscript document]. Amy Bruckman, Friday, September 3, 1999; 1992 [cited December 12, 1999].

    Google Scholar 

  • Cailliau, Robert. (1999). A Little History of the World Wide Web [HTML]. W3C, October 3, 1995 [cited August 4, 1999].

    Google Scholar 

  • Cerny, Jim. (2001). Who Runs the Internet? [HTML], 2000 [cited November 1, 2001]. Available from http://www.unh.edu/Internet/web/whoruns.html.

    Google Scholar 

  • Champeon, Steve. (2001). RTFM: A Guide to Online Research [HTML]. Wired Digital Inc. n.d. [cited November 1, 2001]. Available from http://hotwired.lycos.com/webmonkey/templates/print_template.htmlt?meta=/webmonkey/00/08/index2a_meta.html.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cicognani, Anna. “On the Linguistic Nature of Cyberspace and Virtual Communities.” Virtual Reality 3 (1998): 16–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, Alan. (1999). The Inmates are Running the Asylum.: Why High-Tech Products Drive Us Crazy and How to Restore the Sanity. Indianapolis, IN: SAMS.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, Charles. (2001). When Blogging Came of Age. CNN 2001 [cited September 20, 2001]. Available from http://news.cnet.com/news/0–1272-210–7242676-l.html?tag=bt_bh.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cummins, Jim and Dennis Sayers. (1995). Brave New Schools: Challenging Cultural Illiteracy through Global Learning Networks. Toronto: O.I.S.E. Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Curtis, Pavel. “Mudding: Social Phenomena in Text-Based Virtual Realities.” Intertrek 3:3 (1992): 26–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Curtis, Pavel and Doug Nichols. (1993). MUDs Grow Up: Social Virtual Reality in the Real World. Paper read at Third International Conference on Cyberspace, at Austin, TX.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davie, Lynn, Hema Abeygunawardena, Katherine Davidson, and Jason Nolan. (1998). Universities, Communities, and Building Sites: An Exploration of Three Online Systems. Paper read at Educational Computing Organization of Ontario, at Toronto, ON.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davie, Lynn and Jason Nolan. (1999). Doing Learning: Building Constructionist Skills for Educators, or, Theatre of Metaphor: Skills Constructing for Building Educators. Paper read at TCC, at Maui, Hawaii.

    Google Scholar 

  • e-cyclopedia. 2000. BBC News\e-cyclopedia\Cracking: Hackers Turn Nasty [HTML]. e-cyciopedia@bbcxo.uk, Tuesday, August 31, 1999, 12:34 GMT 1999 [cited April 19, 2000]. Available from http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/special_report/1999/02/99/e-cyclopedia/newsid_434000/434498.stm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fanderclai, T. L. “MUDs in Education: New Environments, New Pedagogies.” Computer-Mediated Communication 2:1 (1995): 8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fernback, Jan and Brad Thompson. (1999). Virtual Communities: Abort, Retry, Failure? [HTML] 1995 [cited August 16, 1999]. Available from http://www.well.com/user/hlr/texts/VCcivil.html.

    Google Scholar 

  • Finely, Michael. (2000). Alvin Toffler and the Third Wave. www.mastersforum.com/toffler/toffler.htm, Mon, Jan 31, 2000 10:17:18 PM GMT 2000 [cited April 18, 2000]. Available from http://www.mastersforum.com/toffler/toffler.htm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ford, Peter. (2001). Need Software in, say, Icelandic? Call the Irish [HTML]. Christian Science Monitor, February 6, 2001 [cited October 15, 2001]. Available from http://www.csmonitor.com/durable/2001/02/06/fp1s3-csm.shtml.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foucault, M. (1991). “Governmentality.” In The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmental Rationality, ed. G. Burchell, C. Gordon, and P. Miller. Hertfordshire: Harvester Wheatsheaf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Franklin, Ursula. (1992). The Real World of Technology. Toronto: Anansi.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giroux, Henry A. (1992). Border Crossings: Cultural Workers and the Politics of Education. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goulden, David. (2001). Raw MOOca. Toronto, November 7, 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gray, Chris Hables. (2001). Cyborg Citizen: Politics in the Posthuman Age. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harasim, Linda, Starr Roxanne Hiltz, Lucio Teles, and Murray Turoff. (1995). Learning Networks: A Field Guide to Teaching and Learning Online. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harraway, Donna. (2000). “A Cyborg Manifesto: Science, Technology and Socialist-Feminism in the Late Twentieth Century.” In The Cybercultures Reader, ed. D. Bell and B. Kennedy. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. (2000). How Like a Leaf. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayles, Katherine. (1999). How We Became Posthuman: Virtual Bodies in Cybernetics, Literature, and Informatics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Haynes, Cynthia and Jan Rune Holmevik. (1998). Highwired: On the Design, Use and Theory of Educational MOOs. Ann Arbor: Michigan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hochheiser, Harry and Robin Ric. (2001). Who Runs the Internet? [HTML]. Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility, May 3, 1998 [cited November 1, 2001]. Available from http://www.cpsr.org/onenet/whoruns.html.

    Google Scholar 

  • Illich, Ivan. (1970), Deschooling Society. New York: Harper & Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, Steve. (2000). “The Bias of the Web.” In The World Wide Web and Contemporary Cultural Theory, ed. A. Herman and T. Swiss. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krol, Ed. (1992), The Whole Internet User’s Guide & Catalog. Sebastapol: O’Reilly.

    Google Scholar 

  • Little, Jean. (2001). Orphan at My Door: The Home Childe Diary of Victoria Cope Guelph Ontario 1897. Toronto: Scholastic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lunde, Ken. (1993), Understanding Japanese Information Processing. Sebastapol: O’Reilly.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lyotard, Jean François. (1984). The Postmodern Condition : A Report on Knowledge, Theory and History of Literature. v. 10. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • McLuhan, Marshall. (1995). “The Gutenberg Galaxy.” In Essential McLuhan, ed. E. McLuhan and F. Zingrone. Toronto: Anansi.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, William. (1998). City of Bits: Space, Place and the Infobhan. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Noble, David. (1997). The Religion of Technology: The Divinity of Man and the Spirit of Invention. New York: Knopf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nolan, Jason. (1999). Educators in MOOkti: A Polysynchronous Collaborative Virtual Learning Environment, February 28, 1999; 1995 [cited April 25, 1999]. Available from http://noisey.oise.utoronto.ca/jason/dissertation-proposal.html.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. (1999). The Dark Side of the Internet [HTML], 1998; 1994 [cited August 5, 1999]. Available from http://noisey.oise.utoronto.ca/gbut/.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. (2000). Project Achieve & VASE: Virtual Learning Environments. Paper read at TEACHING, LEARNING AND RESEARCH IN TODAY’S UNIVERSITY: Information Technology and the University Professor, at University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. “Unpacking Transnational Policy: Learning to Bridge the Digital Divide.” Educational Technology & Society 1:1 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  • —. (2001). “The Techneducator Effect: Colliding Technology and Education in the Conceptualization of Virtual Learning Environments.” Ph.D Dissertation, Curriculum Teaching and Learning, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Toronto.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. (2001). Vase: The Virtual Assignment Server Environment [HTML], 2000 [cited September 27, 2001]. Available from http://achieve.utoronto.ca/vase.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nolan Jason, and David Goulden. MOOca.java (3.0) [Java Applet]. Project Achieve 1996–2001 [cited]. Available from http://www.zanid.com/mooca/.

  • Nolan, Jason and Emma Jane Hogbin. (2001). Internet Literate: A Report on Future Trends for Online Learning Environments in North America. Toronto: Vivendi.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nolan, Jason, Jeff Lawrence, and Yuka Kajihara. (1998). “Montgomery’s Island in the Net: Metaphor and Community on the Kindred Spirit’s E-mail List.” Canadian Children’s Literature 24:3/4 (1991/92): 64–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nolan, Jason and Joel Weiss. (2002). “Learning Cyberspace: An Educational View of Virtual Community.” In Building Virtual Communities: Learning and Change in Cyberspace, ed. K. A. Renninger and W. Shumar. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Reilly and Associates, Inc. (2000). Welcome to the O’Reilly Open Source Center [HTML]. O’Reilly & Associates, Inc., Thursday, April 13, 2000 4:10:53 PM GMT 2000 [cited April 18, 2000]. Available from http://opensource.oreilly.com/.

    Google Scholar 

  • OECD. (2000). Learning to Bridge the Digital Divide, Schooling for Tomorrow. Paris: OECD Publications.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Online, Linux. 2000. The Linux Home Page at Linux Online. Linux Online Inc. 1994–2000 [cited April 18, 2000]. Available from http://www.linux.org/.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ostrom, Elinor. (1990). “Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action”. In The Political Economy of Institutions and Decisions ed. J. A. D. North, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Power, Edward. (2001). Joe Blogs on the Internet [HTML]. Irish Times, Dublin, October 28, 2000 [cited October 31, 2001]. Available from http://www.ireland.com/newspaper/features/2000/1028/features4.htm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raymond, Eric S. (2000). Open Source: Software Gets Honest [HTML], 1998 [cited April 18, 2000]. Available from http://www.opensource.org/.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. (2000). The Rampantly Unofficial Linus Torvalds FAQ [HTML]. Eric S. Raymond, Wednesday, December 22, 1999 5:01:41 PM GMT 1999 [cited April 18, 2000]. Available from http://www.tuxedo.org/~esr/faqs/linus/.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. (2000). How to Become a Hacker [HTML], March 24, 2000 [cited April 18, 2000]. Available from http://www.tuxedo.org/~esr/faqs/hacker-howto.html.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. (2001). Creeping Featuritis [HTML], 2001 [cited November 1, 2001]. Available from http://www.tuxedo.org/~esr/jargon/html/entry/creeping-featuritis.html.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reach, Global. (2001). Global Internet Statistics (by Language) [HTML], September 30, 2001 [cited November 1, 2001]. Available from http://www.glreach.com/globstats/index.php3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rheingold, Howard. (1993). The Virtual Community. New York: Harper.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruffin, Oxblood. (2001). The Hacktivismo FAQ v1.0 [HTML]. cDc communications 2001 [cited October 20, 2001]. Available from http://www.cultdeadcow.com/cDc_files/HacktivismoFAQ.html.

    Google Scholar 

  • Said, Edward. (1993). Culture and Imperialism. New York: Vintage Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schank, Patricia, Jamie Fenton, Mark Schlager, and Judi Fusco. (2000). From MOO to MEOW: Domesticating Technology for Online Communities [HTML]. SRI International, Center for Technology in Learning 1999 [cited April 7, 2000]. Available from http://kn.cilt.org/cscl99/A64/A64.HTM.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scott, Peter. (2001). Free-Nets and Community Networks [HTML]. Lights.com, unk 2001 [cited October 15, 2001]. Available from http://wvvw.lights.com/freenet/.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scoville, Thomas. (2000). Whence the Source: Untangling the Open Source/Free Software Debate [On-line]. O’Reilly & Associates, Inc., Thursday, December 9, 1999 7:10:38 PM GMT 1998 [cited April 18, 2000]. Available from http://opensource.oreilly.com/news/scoville_0399.html.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stallman, Richard. (2000). GNU’s Not Unix!—the GNU Project and the Free Software Foundation (FSF) [HTML]. Free Software Foundation, Inc., Saturday, April 8, 2000 4:04:17 AM GMT 1999 [cited April 18, 2000]. Available from http://mvw.fsf.org/.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steiner, George. (1998). After Babel: Aspects of Language and Translation, 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press. Original edition, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sterling, Bruce. (1993). The Hacker Crackdown: Law and Disorder on the Electronic Frontier. New York: Bantam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoll, Cliff. (1989). The Cuckoo’s Egg: Trackinga Spy through the Maze of Computer Espionage. New York: Pocket books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stone, Allucquere Rosanne. (1992). “Will the Real Body Please Stand Up?: Boundary Stories about Virtual Cultures.” In Cyberspace: First Steps, ed. M. Benedikt. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tetzlaff, David. (2000). “Yo-Ho-Ho and a Server of Warez.” In The World Wide Web and Contemporary Cultural Theory, ed. A. Herman and T. Swiss. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turkic, Sherry. (1995). Life on the Screen. New York: Schuster.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vest, Frank. (2001). FidoNews—The FidoNet Dialup BBS Community Weekly Newsletter [HTML]. FidoNews Editor, October 15, 2001 [cited October 15, 2001]. Available from http://www.fidonews.org/.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wertheim, Margaret. (2000). The Pearly Gates of Cyberspace: A History of Space from Dante to the Internet. New York: Norton.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2005 Peter Pericles Trifonas

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Nolan, J. (2005). The Technology of Difference: ASCII, Hegemony, and the Internet. In: Trifonas, P.P. (eds) Communities of Difference. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403981356_10

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics