Abstract
Several domestic phenomena and issues that juxtapose with religion are becoming progressively global in that they are no longer bound by state borders. We qualify them as transnational. Religious fundamentalism is becoming an increasingly important factor in both domestic and international politics in most parts of the world and across religions with political Islam being, perhaps, the most obvious but clearly not the only example of this. Religiously motivated terrorism has an increasingly global agenda. International missionary movements often upset local governments and cultures. Human rights, including religious human rights, has become a global issue. Also many transnational issues like women’s rights and family planning have religious aspects or overtones.
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Notes
This information is also taken from The U.S. Office of the Secretary of State, 2000 Annual Report on International Religious Freedom (Washington, DC: U.S. Secretary of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, 2000.
The U.S. Office of the Secretary of State, 2000 Annual Report on International Religious Freedom (Washington, DC: U.S. Secretary of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, 2000).
The U.S. Office of the Secretary of State, 2001 Annual Report on International Religious Freedom (Washington, DC: U.S. Secretary of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, 2002). Andrea Morigi, Vittorio Emanuele, Vernole Chiara Verna, “Report 2000 on Religious Freedom in the World” Aid to the Church in Need, 2000.
The U.S. Office of the Secretary of State, 2000 Annual Report on International Religious Freedom (Washington, DC: U.S. Secretary of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, 2001).
It must be noted that the Kuwaiti government only officially recognizes three Churches: The Catholic Church, the Anglican Church, and the National Evangelical Church of Kuwait (Protestant). These Churches enjoy “full recognition” and are permitted to build temples and worship publicly. The other, unrecognized, churches are permitted private worship in private homes, Office of the Secretary of State, 1999 Annual Report on International Religious Freedom (Washington, DC: U.S. Secretary of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, 2000).
The U.S. Office of the Secretary of State, Report on Human Rights Practices, 1999 (Washington, DC: U.S. Secretary of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, 2000), “Lebanon: Thinking the Holy Unthinkable” The Economist, March 28, 1998, 45.
Office of the Secretary of State, 2001 Annual Report on International Religious Freedom (Washington, DC: U.S. Secretary of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, 2002).
The U S. Office of the Secretary of State, 2001 Annual Report on International Religious Freedom (Washington, DC: U.S. Secretary of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, 2002).
Office of the Secretary of State, 2001 Annual Report on International Religious Freedom (Washington, DC: U.S. Secretary of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, 2001); Andrea Morigi, Vittorio Emanuele, Vernole Chiara Verna, “Report 2000 on Religious Freedom in the World” Aid to the Church in Need, 2000; “Qatar,” Religious Freedom World Report, www.religiousfreedom.com.
Office of the Secretary of State, 2001 Annual Report on International Religious Freedom (Washington, DC: U.S. Secretary of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, 2001).
The U.S. Office of the Secretary of State, 1999 Annual Report on International Religious Freedom (Washington, DC: U.S. Secretary of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, 2000); Andrea Morigi, Vittorio Emanuele, Vernole Chiara Verna, “Report 2000 on Religious Freedom in the World” Aid to the Church in Need, 2000.
U.S. Office of the Secretary of State, 2001 Annual Report on International Religious Freedom (Washington, DC: U.S. Secretary of State, Bureau of Democracy Human Rights, and Labor, 2002);
U.S. Office of the Secretary of State, Report on Human Rights Practices, 2001 (Washington, DC: U.S. Secretary of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, 2002); Andrea Morigi, Vittorio Emanuele, Vernole Chiara Verna, “Report 2000 on Religious Freedom in the World” Aid to the Church in Need, 2000; “UAE,” Religious Freedom World Report, www.religiousfreedom.com.
The U.S. Office of the Secretary of State, 2001 Annual Report on International Religious Freedom (Washington, DC: U.S. Secretary of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, 2002).
The U.S. Office of the Secretary of State, 2000 Annual Report on International Religious Freedom (Washington, DC: U.S. Secretary of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, 2001).
The U.S. Office of the Secretary of State, 2001 Annual Report on International Religious Freedom (Washington, DC: U.S. Secretary of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, 2002).
U.S. Office of the Secretary of State, Report on Human Rights Practices, 1992 (Washington, DC: U.S. Secretary of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, 1993).
The U.S. Office of the Secretary of State, 2001 Annual Report on International Religious Freedom (Washington, DC: U.S. Secretary of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, 2002).
The U.S. Office of the Secretary of State, 2001 Annual Report on International Religious Freedom (Washington, DC: U.S. Secretary of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, 2002).
The U.S. Office of the Secretary of State, 2001 Annual Report on International Religious Freedom (Washington, DC: U.S. Secretary of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, 2002).
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© 2004 Jonathan Fox and Shmuel Sandler
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Fox, J., Sandler, S. (2004). Transnational Religious Phenomena. In: Bringing Religion into International Relations. Culture and Religion in International Relations. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403981127_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403981127_5
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