Abstract
During recent years, refugees and asylum seekers have come to be viewed as a threat to the internal order of states and to regional, and in some cases to global, security. This new emphasis on the security dimension of refugee movements has not taken place in a vacuum but has been reflected in recent policy and academic literature on refugee issues and has been a highly visible trend in debates within both the UN Security Council and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR).1 Despite greater recognition of the links between security and forced displacement, intervention to stem refugee flows remains highly controversial. The fact remains, however, that the regionalization of conflict and the domestic instability caused by mass forced displacement or by protracted refugee situations, if left unaddressed, are likely to have serious consequences for regional and global security. Thus, the claims of states for greater security and the claims of refugees for greater protection must be brought into better harmony if the UN and the international community are to deal with this issue more effectively in the future.
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Notes
Gil Loescher, The UNHCR and World Politics: A Perilous Path ( Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001 ).
Aristide Zolberg, Astri Suhrke, and Sergio Aguayo, Escape from Violence: Conflict and Refugees in the Developing World ( New York: Oxford University Press, 1989 ).
Myron Weiner, ed., Refugees and International Security ( Boulder: Westview Press, 1993 );
Gil Loescher, “Refugee Movements and International Security”, Adelphi Paper 268 ( London: The International Institute for Strategic Studies, 1992 ).
Gil Loescher, Beyond Charity: International Cooperation and the Global Refugee Crisis ( New York: Oxford University Press, 1993 ).
Ole Waever, et al., Identity, Migration and the New Security Agenda in Europe ( London, Pinter, 1993 )
Barry Buzan, People, States and Fear (Hemel Hempstead, Herfordshire: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1991 ).
Mohammed Ayoob, The Third World Security Predicament: State Making, Regional Conflict and the International System ( London: Lynne Reiner Publishers, 1995 )
Edward Azar and Chung-in Moon, eds., National Security in the Third World: The Management of Internal and External Threats ( Aldershot: Hants., Elgar, 1988 ).
Howard Adelman, “The Ethics of Humanitarian Intervention: The Case of Kurdish Refugees,” Public Affairs Quarterly 6 (1) (January 1992): 75.
See also Alan Dowty and Gil Loescher, “Refugee Flows as Grounds for International Action,” International Security 21(1) (Summer 1996): 43–71.
Lori Fisler Damrosch, “Changing Conceptions of Intervention in International Law,” in Emerging Norms of Justified Intervention, eds. Laura W. Reed and Carl Kaysen (Cambridge, Mass.: American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1993): 100ff.
International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, The Responsibility to Protect ( Ottawa: International Development Research Centre, 2001 ).
For background, see: Christopher Greenwood, “Is there a right of humanitarian intervention? ” The World Today 49 (2) (February 1993): 34–40
Nigel Rodley, ed., To Loose the Band of Wickness: International Intervention in the Defense of Human Rights ( London: Brasseys, 1992 )
Lori Fisler Damrosch, ed., Enforcing Restraint: Collective Intervention in Internal Conflicts ( New York: Council on Foreign Relations Press, 1992 ).
Kofi Annan, Preventing War and Disaster: a Growing Global Challenge ( New York: UN, 1999 ): 21.
See: Nicholas J. Wheeler, Saving Strangers: Humanitarian Intervention in International Society (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999 ).
UNDP, Human Development Report ( Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994 ).
See also Anne Hammerstad, Refugee Protection and Evolution of a Security Discourse: The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in the 1990s D.Phil Thesis (Oxford), 2003.
Sadako Ogata, Humanitarian Action: Charity or Realpolitik? (Oslo, October 21, 1997).
Jeff Crisp, Lessons Learned from the Implementation of the Tanzania Security Package EPAU/2001/05 ( Geneva, UNHCR, May 2001 ).
Lisa Yu, “Separating Ex-Combatants and Refugees in Zongo, DRC: Peacekeepers and UNHCR’s ‘Ladder of Options,’” New Issues in Refugee Research Working Paper No. 60 ( Geneva: UNHCR, August 2002 ).
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© 2004 Richard M. Price and Mark W. Zacher, eds.
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Loescher, G. (2004). Refugee Protection and State Security: Towards a Greater Convergence. In: Price, R.M., Zacher, M.W. (eds) The United Nations and Global Security. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403980908_10
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403980908_10
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