Abstract
The context for the present chapter is the post-9/11 wave of anti-American feelings in Pakistan, especially after the U.S. war on Taliban as well as the electoral victory of proto-Taliban groups in the October 2002 elections in the Pakhtun belt of the two provinces of Pakistan, NWFP, and Baluchistan. To understand the ambivalent and hostile attitudes toward the United States, or more precisely anti-Americanism in Pakistan, one needs to inquire about:
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other strands of negative feelings in Pakistan, which can be compared and contrasted with feelings against the United States;
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the sources of these feelings;
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the strength or weakness of these feelings in terms of their potential for transformation into public action, diplomatic profile, or policy structure;
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the relevance of these feelings for the future shape of events.
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Notes
See Denis Lacorne et al., The Rise and Fall of Anti-Americanism: A Century of French Perception (London: Macmillan, 1990).
Alastair Lamb, Asian Frontiers (London: Pall Mall, 1991), p. 41.
See S.M. Burke, Pakistan Foreign Policy: A Historical Analysis (London: Oxford University Press, 1973), pp. 3–11.
See P.R. Kumaraswamy, Beyond the Veil: Israel-Pakistan Relations, Memorandum no. 55 (Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies, March 2000).
See Mohammad Waseem, “Pakistan’s perceptions of the impact of U.S. politics on its policies towards Pakistan,” in Pakistan-U.S. Relations, edited by Noor Hussain and Leo Rose (Berkeley: University of California, 1988).
See, e.g., Dennis Kux, The United States and Pakistan 1947–2000: Disenchanted Allies (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001).
Ayub Khan, Friends Not Masters (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1967).
For a detailed account of the Soviet withdrawal, followed by the US withdrawal from the region, see Deigo Cordovez and Selig Harrison, Out of Afghanistan: The Inside Story of the Soviet Withdrawal (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995).
Mohammad Waseem, “The dialectic between politics and foreign policy” in Pakistan: Nationalism Without a Nation, edited by Christophe Jaffrelot (London: Zed Books, 2002), p. 271.
See Saroosh Irfani, “Pakistani’s sectarian violence: between the ‘Arabist Shift’ and Indo-Persian culture,” paper for conference on religion and security in South Asia, Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies, Honolulu, Hawaii, August 20, 2002.
Mohammad Waseem, Pakistan Under Martial Law 1977–1985 (Lahore: Vanguard, 1987), pp. 196–202.
Yunas Samad, “Imagining a British Muslim identification,” in Muslim European Youth: Reproducing Ethnicity, Religion, Culture, edited by Steven Vertovec and Alisdair Rogers (Aldershot: Ashgate, 1998), pp. 59–61.
For a comparative study of ethnic conflicts, see Charles Kennedy, “Pakistan: ethnic diversity and colonial legacy,” in The Territorial Management of Ethnic Conflicts, edited by John Coakley (London: Frank Cass, 2003), pp. 150–161.
See, e.g., Selig Harrison, In the Shadow of Afghanistan: Baluch Nationalism and Soviet Temptations (Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1981).
See Ziauddin Sardar and Merryl Wyn Davies, Why Do People Hate America? (Cambridge, UK: Icon Books, 2000).
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© 2005 Tony Judt and Denis Lacorne
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Waseem, M. (2005). Anti-Americanism in Pakistan. In: Judt, T., Lacorne, D. (eds) With Us or Against Us. The CERI Series in International Relations and Political Economy. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403980854_10
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403980854_10
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