Abstract
Attention has thus far focused on the actions of the white rioters and the reasons for the outbreak of violence in East St. Louis in July 1917.
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Notes
Gail Bederman, Manliness and Civilization: A Cultural History of Gender and Race in the United States, 1880–1917, Chicago and London, University of Chicago Press, 1995, pp. 46–53
Elliott M. Rudwick, Race Riot at East St Louis, July 2, 1917, Cleveland and New York, World Publishing Co., 1964, p. 57.
Sundiata Keita Cha-Jua, “‘A Warlike Demonstration’: Legalism, Armed Resistance, and Black Political Mobilization in Decatur, Illinois, 1894–1898,” Journal of Negro History, 83, 1 (Winter 1998), p. 67.
Timothy B. Tyson, “‘Black Power’ and the Roots of the Freedom Struggle,” Journal ofAmerican History, 85 (September 1998), p. 545.
Leon F. Litwack, Trouble in Mind: Black Southerners in the Age of Jim Crow, New York, Random House, 1999, pp. 422–430.
Herbert Shapiro, White Violence and Black Response from Reconstruction to Montgomery, Amherst, University of Massachusetts Press, 1988, pp. 93–96
Stewart E. Tolnay and E. M. Beck, A Festival of Violence: An Analysis of Southern Lynchings, 1882–1930, Urbana and Chicago, University of Illinois Press, 1995, pp. 209–210.
Charles Crowe, “Racial Massacre in Atlanta,” in Journal of Negro History, 54 (April 1969), p. 165.
William Tuttle, Race Riot: Chicago in the Red Summer of 1919, New York, Atheneum, 1970, pp. 33–34
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© 2005 Malcolm McLaughlin
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McLaughlin, M. (2005). “Hot Lead from the Race Quarters”: Black East St. Louis and Self-Defense. In: Power, Community, and Racial Killing in East St. Louis. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403978646_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403978646_7
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, New York
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-53246-9
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