Abstract
Terrorism has been a problem for governments at least since the time of the Greeks and the Romans and has been more common than is commonly thought. Additional cases from the past will become known as historical investigations analyze earlier violent group activities from perspectives that take into account the possibility that dissident groups used terrorist tactics to achieve their political goals. This volume may even serve to encourage some research using new perspectives. Terrorism has occurred in virtually all parts of the world and in all types of society. Even the totalitarian states that avoided or eliminated dissident violence were responsible for state terrorism against their own citizens. Some types of groups or forms of terrorism have been more frequent in different historical periods. No one cause for outbreaks of terrorism was obvious in the preceding chapters, but terrorism was more likely to occur under some circumstances. Since there is no single cause for terrorism, it is unlikely that there can be any single response that is guaranteed to prevent or overcome the dissidents that rely on terrorism.
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Notes
Anna Simons, “Making Sense of Ethnic Cleansing,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Vol. 22, No. 1 (1999), p. 14.
Cronin, “Behind the Curve,” pp. 41–42; Daniel S. Gressang IV, “Terrorism in the 21st Century: Reassessing the Emerging Threat,” Terrorism and Political Violence, Vol. 13, No. 3 (2001), p. 82; and Hoffinan. “Holy Terror,” pp. 272–73.
Gurr and Cole, The New Face of Terrorism p. 31; John V. Parachini, “Comparing Motives and Outcomes of Mass Casualty Terrorism Involving Conventional and Unconventional Weapons,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Vol. 24, No. 5 (2001), p. 399; and Quillen, “A Historical Analysis of Mass Casualty Bombers,” p. 290.
Jonathan Fox, “Religion and State Failure: An Examination of the Extent and Magnitude of Religious Conflict from 1950 to 1996,” International Political Science Review, Vol. 25, No. 1 (2004), p. 66
Mark Juergensmeyer, “Holy Orders: Religious Opposition to Modern States,” Harvard International Review, Vol. 25, No. 4 (2004), p. 37.
Cameron, “Multi-Track Microproliferation,” p. 297; and Andrew O’Neill, “Terrorist Use of Weapons of Mass Destruction: How Serious Is the Threat?” Australian Journal of International A ffairs,Vol. 57, No. 1 (2003), p. 107.
Jessica Stern, The Ultimate Terrorists (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999), pp. 10, 74–76.
Arpad Palfy, “Weapon System Selection and Mass-Casualty Outcomes,” Terrorism and Political Violence,Vol. 15, No. 2 (2003), p. 92.
Peter Chalk, “Low Intensity Conflict in Southeast Asia: Piracy, Drug Trafficking and Political Terrorism,” Conflict Studies, No. 305/306 (1998), p. 12.
Mark Basile, “Going to the Source: Why Al Qaeda’s Financial Network Is Likely to Withstand the Current War on Terrorist Financing,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism,Vol. 27, No. 3 (2004), pp. 169–85
Jane Schneider and Peter Schneider, “The Mafia and al-Qaeda: Violent and Secretive Organizations in Comparative and Historical Perspective,” American Anthropologist, Vol. 104, No. 3 (2002), pp. 776–82; and Sederberg, “Global Terrorism,” pp. 280–81.
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© 2005 James M. Lutz and Brenda J. Lutz
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Lutz, J.M., Lutz, B.J. (2005). Conclusions. In: Terrorism. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403978585_11
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403978585_11
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, New York
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