Abstract
The United States and the Ottoman Empire established bilateral relations during the early years of the founding of the republic. Even before independence, as Adam Smith noted, New England traded with the Mediterranean economies, exporting fish to these far away shores. He complained that, while previously British trade across the Mediterranean could sustain the “great naval power,” by the 1770s American trade had surpassed its mother country.1 Upon independence, commercial and geopolitical considerations constituted an essential component of U.S. foreign policy for the economic and physical survival of the new nation.2 Policymakers in the United States expressed interest in cultivating trade relations with the Ottoman Empire in the 1790s,3 but political difficulties in U.S.-British-French relations at the turn of the century, on the one hand, and extensive British, French, and Russian involvement in Ottoman affairs, on the other, prevented negotiations toward a treaty. Nevertheless, by 1811 American merchants had established a trading house at Smyrna.4
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Notes
Adam Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations gen. eds. R.H. Campbel and A.S. Skinner, textual ed. W.B. Todd, 2 vols. (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1981), vol. 2, pp. 578, 598–99.
Charles O. Paullin, Diplomatic Negotiations of American Naval Officers, 1778–1883 ( Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1912 ), pp. 137–38.
James A. Field, America and the Mediterranean World, 1776–1882 ( Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1969 ), p. 175.
Bryson, Tars, Turks, and Tankers pp. 40, 42; Lewis L. Gould, The Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt (Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 1991), pp. 261, 265–67.
Ernest R. May, Imperial Democracy ( New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1961 ), pp. 27–29.
Suzanne E. Moranian, “The Armenian Genocide and American Missionary Relief Efforts,” in Jay Winter, ed., America and the Armenian Genocide of 1915 ( Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003 ), pp. 201–02.
M. Vartan Malcom, The Armenians in America ( Boston: Pilgrim Press, 1919 );
Robert Mirak, Torn Between Two Lands: Armenians in America, 1890 to World War I (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1983), pp. 46–47,54–55,57.
See Manuk G. Chizmechian, Patmutiun Amerikahay Kaghakakan Kusaktsutiants, 1890–1925 [History of American Armenian Political Parties, 1890–1925] ( Fresno: Nor Or, 1930 ), pp. 66–67.
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© 2005 Simon Payaslian
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Payaslian, S. (2005). The Political Economy of U.S. Foreign Policy toward the Ottoman Empire and the Armenian Question. In: United States Policy toward the Armenian Question and the Armenian Genocide. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403978400_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403978400_1
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, New York
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