Skip to main content

Introduction: Point Counterpoint

  • Chapter
Book cover Haitian-Dominican Counterpoint
  • 86 Accesses

Abstract

They are separate and unequal: Haiti has a predominantly black, French patois-speaking population; the Dominican Republic, a predominantly mestizo or mulatto, Spanish-speaking population. Apart from one another, yet each one occupying a part of the same island, the two countries of Hispaniola have been called “two tragic twins sharing the same craggy rock,” and “conjoined siblings” so dissimilar that, between them, “no dialogue can be established.”3 The two countries’ “shared insularity,” comments another observer, “has been fraught with a history of antagonism.”4

And all of this happens on an Antillean island divided into two countries, and in each one people are scourged by man and the whips of those who rule.

Freddy Prestol Castillo, El Masacre se pasa a pie1

Ahora mismo y aquí

Están buscando su yo

Santo Domingo y Haití.

Manuel Cabral, “La Isla Saqueada”2

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Notes

  1. Freddy Prestol Castillo, El Masacre se pasa a pie (Santo Domingo: Ediciones de Taller, 1989), p. 49. The translation of this quote is mine, as are all other translations of quotes from the original French or Spanish except for those otherwise indicated under “Notes” and “Bibliography.”

    Google Scholar 

  2. Manuel del Cabral, Obra Poética Completa de Manuel del Cabral ( Santo Domingo: Editora Alfa y Omega, 1987 ), pp. 486–8.

    Google Scholar 

  3. The first quote is from Carlos Augusto Sánchez i Sánchez, El caso domínicohaitiano (Ciudad Trujillo: Editora Montalvo, 1958), p. 3;

    Google Scholar 

  4. the second from J. Marino Incháustegui, “Relaciones entre España, Santo Domingo y Haití,” Eme Eme V.26 (September–October 1976, dated “Madrid, 1965”), p. 42.

    Google Scholar 

  5. David Howard, Dominican Republic in focus: a guide to the people, politics and culture ( New York: Interlink Books, 1999 ), p. 7.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  6. Michele Wucker, Why the Cocks Fight: Dominicans, Haitians, and the Struggle for Hispaniola (New York: Hill & Wang, 1999), p. 13.

    Google Scholar 

  7. María Elena Muñoz, Las Relaciones Domínico-Haitianas: Geopolítica y Migración (Santo Domingo: Editora Alfa & Omega, 1995), p. 209.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Alan Cambeira, Quisqueya la Bella: The Dominican Republic in Historical and Cultural Perspective ( Armonk, NY and London: M. E. Sharpe, 1997 ), p. 148.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Paul Farmer, The Uses of Haiti ( Monroe, ME: Common Courage Press, 1994 ), p. 56.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Gérard Pierre-Charles, “Presentación,” in Política y sociología en Haití y la República Dominicana. Coloquio Domínico-Haitiano de Ciencias Sociales, Suzy Castor, André Corten, Lil Despradel, Gérard Pierre-Charles, et al. (eds.) ( Mexico: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales, 1974 ), p. 10.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Patrick Bellegarde-Smith, “Haiti: Perspectives of Foreign Policy; An Essay on the International Relations of a Small State,” Caribbean Quarterly (September–December, 1974): 21–38, pp. 32–3.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Also, Patrick Bellegarde-Smith, In the Shadow of Powers: Dantes Bellegarde in Haitian Social Thought (Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press, 1985), p. 107, from which the quote is taken.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Michel-Rolph Trouillot, Haiti, State Against Nation: The Origins and Legacy of Duvalierism (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1990), p. 230. Emphasis is in the original.

    Google Scholar 

  14. See David E. Johnson and Scott Michaelson (eds.), Border Theory ( Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1997 ), p. 2.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Pedro Mir, Las dos patrias de Santo Domingo, tesis acerca de la división política de la isla en dos naciones ( Santo Domingo: Editora Cultura Dominicana, 1975 ).

    Google Scholar 

  16. Franklin J. Franco, Santo Domingo: cultura, política e ideología ( Santo Domingo: Editora Nacional, 1974 ), p. 7.

    Google Scholar 

  17. The concept of insularity gained visibility in the 1934 study of Antonio S. Pedreira, Insularismo: Ensayos de interpretación puertorriqueña. Presenting an elitist interpretation of Puerto Rico’s economic and cultural crisis during the inter-war period, Pedreira’s book blamed the island’s problems on the passivity and backwardness of its peasant majority, the jíbaros, whose vices Pedreira attributed to racial mixing and climatological factors. Cited in Ernesto Sagás, Race and Politics in the Dominican Republic ( Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 2000 ), p. 120.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Otto Bauer, The Austrian Revolution, trans. H. J. Stenning ( New York: Burt Franklin, 1970 ).

    Google Scholar 

  19. See Otto Bauer, The Austrian Revolution; cited in Rafael Emilio Yunén Z., La Isla Como Es: Hipótesis Para Su Comprobación (Santiago de los Caballeros, Dominican Republic: Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra, Colección Estudios, 1985 ), p. 188.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Jean Price-Mars, La République d’Haïti et la République Dominicaine. Les aspects divers d’un problème d’histoire, de géographie et d’ethnologie, V.1 (Port-au-Prince: Collection du Tricinquantenaire de l’Indépendance d’Haïti, 1953 ), p. 165.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Elizabeth Abbott, Haiti: The Duvaliers and Their Legacy (New York, London, Toronto, Sydney, Tokyo, and Singapore: Simon & Schuster, 1988), p. 162.

    Google Scholar 

  22. From José Ricardo Roques Martínez, El problema fronterizo domínico-haitiano (Santo Domingo: La Cuna de América, n.d.), p. 3; and Roberto Cassá, “El racismo en la ideología de las clases dominantes dominicanas,” Revista Ciencia III.1 (January–March 1976), pp. 64–5; quoted in José Alcántara Almánzar, Narrativa y sociedad en Hispanoamérica (Santo Domingo: Editora Corripio, 1984), pp. 36–7n.3.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Edward Soja and Barbara Hooper, “The Spaces That Difference Makes: Some Notes on the Geographical Margins of the New Cultural Politics,” in Place and the Politics of Identity, Michael Keith and Steve Pike (eds.) ( London and New York: Routledge, 1993 ), p. 198.

    Google Scholar 

  24. David E. Johnson, “The Time of Translation: The Border of American Literature,” in Border Theory: The Limits of Cultural Politics, Scott Michaelsen and David E. Johnson (eds.) ( Minneapolis and London: University of Minnesota Press, 1997 ), p. 132.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Manuel Rueda, La criatura terrestre (Santo Domingo: Editora Taller, 1987 [1963]), p. 25.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Richard L. Morrill, The Spatial Organization of Society ( Belmont, CA: Wadworth Publishing Co., 1970 ), p. 19.

    Google Scholar 

  27. José del Castillo, “Demografía de la inmigración haitiana,” in Ensayos de sociología dominicana ( Santo Domingo: Ediciones Siboney, Taller, 1984 ), p. 178.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Carlos Esteban Deive, Diccionario de Dominicanismos (Santo Domingo: Politecnia Ediciones, 1986), p. 79;

    Google Scholar 

  29. Ramón Francisco, “Macaraos del cielo, macaraos de la tierra. El hombre, sus dioses, sus creencias,” in De tierra morena vengo. Imágenes del hombre dominicano y su cultura, 2nd edn., Soledad Alvarez (ed.) ( Santo Domingo: Editora Corripio, 1987 ), pp. 119–55.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Margarite Fernández Olmos, “Trans-Caribbean Identity and the Fictional World of Mayra Montero,” in Sacred Possessions: Vodou, Santería, Obeah, and the Caribbean, Margarite Fernández Olmos and Lizabeth Paravisini-Gebert (eds.) ( New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1997 ), p. 272.

    Google Scholar 

  31. See José Alcántara Almánzar, Los escritores dominicanos y la cultura ( Santo Domingo: Editora Amigo del Hogar, 1990 ), p. 168.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Hubert Herring, with the assistance of Helen Baldwin Herring, A History of Latin America from the Beginnings to the Present, 3rd edn. ( New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1968 ), p. 427.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Carolyn E. Fick, The Making of Haiti: The Saint Domingue Revolution from Below ( Knoxville: The University of Tennessee Press, 1990 ), p. 56.

    Google Scholar 

  34. José Alcántara Almánzar, Estudios de poesía dominicana ( Santo Domingo: Editora Alfa y Omega, 1979 ), p. 324.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Franklin J. Franco, La Aportación de los Negros (Santo Domingo: Editorial Nacional, 1967), pp. 5, 28; quoted in Bruno Rosario Candelier, “Poesía negra en Santo Domingo,” El Nacional de ¡Ahora! Suplemento Cultural de 30 Abril 1972, p. 2.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Jan Rogoziński, A Brief History of the Caribbean: From the Arawak and the Carib to the Present (New York: Penguin Books, 1994), p. 5;

    Google Scholar 

  37. Rosaline Ng Cheong-Lum, Haiti (New York, London and Sydney: Marshall Cavendish, 1995 ), pp. 8–9.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Selden Rodman, Quisqueya: A History of the Dominican Republic ( Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1964 ), p. 191.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Thomas E. Weil, Jan Knippers Black, Howard I. Blustein, Kathryn T. Hongston, David S. McMorris, and Frederick P. Munson, Haiti: A Country Study (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1982 [research completed February 1973]), p. 6.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Figures from Population Reference Bureau, 1998, and Caroline Rayner (ed.), Encyclopedic World Atlas, compiled by Richard Widdows (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996);

    Google Scholar 

  41. cited in David Howard, Coloring the Nation: Race and Ethnicity in the Dominican Republic (Oxford: Signal Books and Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2001 ), p. 2.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Andrés Corten, El estado débil: Haití, República Dominicana. Trans. Cecilia Millán and rev. Pilar Espaillat (Santo Domingo: Editora Taller, 1993 ), p. 129.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Paul Goodwin, Jr., Global Studies: Latin America, 6th edn. (Guilford, CT: The Dushkin Publishing Group, 1994), p. 124;

    Google Scholar 

  44. Tom Barry, Beth Wood, and Deb Preusch, The Other Side of Paradise: Foreign Control in the Caribbean ( New York: Grove Press, 1984 ), p. 330.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Fredric Jameson, Postmodernism: Or the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism ( Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1991 ), p. 12.

    Google Scholar 

  46. In this way it partakes of the abstract corporeality that Antonio Benítez-Rojo evokes in his chaos theory-inspired The Repeating Island: The Caribbean and the Postmodern Perspective, trans. James Maraniss (Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press, 1992). For Benítez-Rojo, the insular “machine of machines” is reiterated in island after island. That is, like fractal patterns, the power of the plantation and the trope of syncretism are mirrored again and again on ever-widening scales throughout the archipelago, and we are reminded that the very word archipelago derives from the Greek archos + pelagos, first applied to the Aegean as a sea of many islands, meaning “original sea.”

    Google Scholar 

  47. James Ridgeway (ed.), The Haiti Files: Decoding the Crisis ( Washington, D.C.: Essential Books/Azul Editions, 1994 ), p. 1.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Copyright information

© 2003 Eugenio Matibag

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Matibag, E. (2003). Introduction: Point Counterpoint. In: Haitian-Dominican Counterpoint. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403973801_1

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics