Abstract
Between 1980 and 1991, the growth rate of Argentina was -3.2 percent. The only other country in the Western Hemisphere which outstripped Argentina’s negative growth rate was Guyana which recorded -3.3 percent during the same period.1 The dismal economic decline did not begin in the 1980s, however. Rather, it was in the offing by the early 1960s, after the decades of Argentina’s second phase of populism, or the “classic” phase under General Juan Domingo Perón. The governments, both civilian and military in between, had sought to unravel the Peronist structure with little success. In fact, the tradition of the statist economic and social welfare policies thrived until the mid-1980s, and Argentina was among the world’s most closed economies. Of the 126 countries studied by the World Bank, Argentina was 117th in the trade/GDP ratio, or the country openness index. Only the USSR, Burma, Bangladesh, Iran, and Iraq ranked lower. In the Western Hemisphere, however, Argentina was ahead of Brazil and the Dominican Republic.2
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Notes
Felipe A. M. de la Balze, Remaking the Argentine Economy (New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1995), pp. 61–2.
Jorge Schvarzer, Bunge & Born: Crecimiento y diversi ficacién de un grupo econömico (Buenos Aires: CISEA, 1989).
Luis Majul, Por qué cayó Alfonsin: el nuevo terrorisme económico: los personajes, las conexiones, las claves secretas (Buenos Aires: Editorial Sudamericana, 1990), pp. 81–3.
Eduardo Luis Curia, Dos ados de la economfa de Menem: una etapa de trans for-madones (Buenos Aires: El Cronista, 1991), pp. 36–45.
Gabriel Cerruti, EI jefe: Vida y obra de Carlos Saul Menem (Buenos Aires: Planeta, 1993), pp. 319–20.
Olga Wornat, “Las confesiones de Manzano,” Somos (22 February 1993), pp. 4–9. Manzano granted an interview with the Argentinian weekly in La Jolla, California.
Martín Granovsky, Misión cumplida: la presión norteamericana sobre la Argentina, de Braden a Todman (Buenos Aires: Planeta Espejo de la Argentina, 1992), pp. 227–43, 351–4 (the letter).
Jorge Greco, “Complot para un divorcio,” Somos (23 September 1991), pp. 10–11. The article claimed that Seindeldin and Zulema frequently exchanged letters through the colonel’s wife and “maintain [sic] an excellent relationship.”
James P. Brennan, The Labor Wars in Cordoba 1955–1976: Ideology, Work, Labor Politics in an Argentine Industrial City (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1996).
Javier Corrales, “Why Argentines Followed Cavallo: a Technopol between Democracy and Economic Reform,” in Technopols: Freeing Politics and Markets in Latin America in the 1990s, ed. Jorge L. Domingues (University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1997), pp. 49–93, esp., p. 54.
Mary M. Shirley, “Privatization in Latin America: Lessons for Transitional Europe,” World Development (September 1994), pp. 1313–23, esp., 1319.
Martin Redrado, Tiempo de desafio (Buenos Aires: Planeta, 1994), pp. 22–5.
Mark P. Jones, “Argentina: Questioning Menem’s Way,” Current History (February 1998), pp. 71–5; the quote is from p. 71.
Mary Anastasia O’Grady, “Play ‘Deuda Eterna’ and Learn All about the IMF,” Wall Street Journal (21 December 2001): A15.
Michelle Wallin, “Argentine Leader Declares State of Emergency,” Wall Street Journal (20 December 2001): C12;
Thomas Catán and Richard Lapper, “Argentina in Crisis Talks to Head Off Collapse,” Financial Times (8–9 December 2001), p. 1.
Michelle Wallin, “After Devaluation, Argentina Struggles On,” Wall Street Journal (10 January 2002): A8.
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© 2002 Eul-Soo Pang
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Pang, ES. (2002). Argentina’s Travails of Democracy and Market Economy. In: The International Political Economy of Transformation in Argentina, Brazil, and Chile since 1960. International Political Economy Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403918529_5
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