Abstract
Shortly before his death, Adolph Verloc makes an important admission to his wife Winnie about his work as a secret agent: ‘There isn’t a murdering plot for the last eleven years that I hadn’t my finger in at the risk of my life. There’s scores of these revolutionists I’ve sent off with their bombs in their blamed pockets, to get themselves caught on the frontier’ (180). At this crucial point, with Winnie failing to come to terms with her husband’s cowardly use of her brother as a bomb-carrier, Verloc discloses the true extent of his role on behalf of the Metropolitan Police and the Embassy in Chesham Square (anonymized, but obviously the Russian Embassy). In doing so, Verloc answers a question implicit in the novel’s title: what is the extent of his agency? Has he, as the spymaster Vladimir sarcastically alleged, merely been the passive reporter of the vapid discussions of the International Red Committee taking place in his parlour? Or has he in fact already fulfilled the role that Vladimir urged him to perform — that of agent provocateur, an agent in every sense of the word, who makes things happen? Verloc’s admission reveals that he has supplied revolutionists with bombs so that they would have evidence in their pockets when they were apprehended. Verloc is a career agent provocateur.
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Notes
For background to the Parnell scandal and Inquiry, see Robert Hampson, Conrad’s Secrets (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012), pp. 79–80.
Robert Anderson, Sidelights on the Home Rule Movement (New York: E.P. Dutton, 1906), p. 89.
See Mary Burgoyne (comp.), ‘Conrad among the Anarchists: Documents on Martial Bourdin and the Greenwich Bombing’, in Allan H. Simmons and J.H. Stape (eds), The Secret Agent: Centennial Essays (Amsterdam and New York: Rodopi 2007), p. 155.
Joseph A. Kestner, Sherlock’s Men: Masculinity, Conan Doyle, and Cultural History (Aldershot: Ashgate, 1997), pp. 100–1.
William Le Queux, The Seven Secrets (London: Hutchinson, 1903), p. 13.
See Daphna Erdinast-Vulcan, The Strange Short Fiction of Joseph Conrad: Writing, Culture, and Subjectivity (Oxford University Press, 1999), pp. 119–27.
See Bruce Merry, Anatomy of the Spy Thriller (Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 1977), especially pp. 25–9. For a useful survey of the history, themes and forms of espionage fiction see David Seed’s chapter ‘Spy Fiction’, in Martin Priestman (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Crime Fiction (Cambridge University Press, 2003).
E. Nesbit, The Railway Children (London: Penguin Books, 1995), p. 156.
R.S.S. Baden-Powell, Scouting for Boys: A Handbook for Instruction in Good Citizenship (London: C. Arthur Pearson, 1908), p. 7. In this, one of the biggest-selling books of the twentieth century, Kim and Sherlock Holmes are frequently identified as good citizens who employ techniques of irregular warfare in defence of country and empire. Kipling’s and Conan Doyle’s narratives were thus used as contributions to a blueprint, which originated from a concern over military fitness and racial degeneration, for an educational programme that would make Britain’s youth fit for the challenges of the twentieth century.
Erskine Childers, The Riddle of the Sands (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1978), p. 280.
William Le Queux, The Great War of 1897 (London: Tower Publishing, 1894), pp. 29–30.
Edgar Wallace, The Council of Justice in Wallace, The Four Just Men (Oxford University Press, 1995), pp. 136, 151.
William Le Queux, The Man from Downing Street: A Mystery (London: Hurst & Blackett, 1904), p. 165.
David Trotter, The English Novel in History 1895–1920 (London: Routledge, 1993), p. 174.
For an extensive discussion of the novel’s treatment of betrayal, see Robert Hampson, Joseph Conrad: Betrayal and Identity (London: Macmillan, 1992), pp. 168–91. Hampson also examines the use of a genre model — the Gothic — to chart Razumov’s psychological development.
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© 2016 Andrew Glazzard
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Glazzard, A. (2016). ‘An actor in desperate earnest’: Informers and Secret Agency. In: Conrad’s Popular Fictions. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137559173_3
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